Table 1.

Neuropathological alterations in different KA models in rats and mice

Administration mode	Neuropathology		References
	Rats	Mice	Rats	Mice
Systemic	Bilateral damage Entire hippocampus Subiculum Entorhinal cortex MF sprouting	Bilateral damage CA3/CA1 Cortical areas Lateral amygdala Dorsal thalamus MF sprouting	Stafstrom et al. (1992) Lado (2006) Williams et al. (2009) White et al. (2010) Drexel et al. (2012) Bertoglio et al. (2017)	Hu et al. (1998) McKhann et al. (2003) Benkovic et al. (2004) Umpierre et al. (2016)
ICV	Unilateral lesion CA3/CA4 areas of the hippocampus MF sprouting	Unilateral damage CA3/CA1 areas of the hippocampus MF sprouting	Miyamoto et al. (1997) Jing et al. (2009) Gordon et al. (2014) Song et al. (2016) Gao et al. (2019)	Cho et al. (2002) Jeon et al. (2004) Park et al. (2008) Jin et al. (2009)
Intra-HC	Unilateral lesion CA3/CA4 DG granule cells dispersion MF sprouting	Unilateral lesion CA3/CA1 DG granule cells dispersion MF sprouting	Cavalheiro et al. (1982) Bragin et al. (2005) Arkhipov et al. (2008) Rattka et al. (2013) Klee et al. (2017)	Bouilleret et al. (1999) Riban et al. (2002) Gouder et al. (2003) Gröticke et al. (2008) Lee et al. (2012) Zeidler et al. (2018)
Intraamygdaloid	Ipsilateral Am Contralateral HC Contralateral Am CA3/CA1 MF sprouting Extratemporal	Ipsilateral Am Contralateral HC Contralateral Am CA3/CA1 MF sprouting Extratemporal	Ben-Ari et al. (1979) Tanaka et al. (1992) Ueda et al. (2001) Takebayashi et al. (2007) Gurbanova et al. (2008)	Araki et al. (2002) Shinoda et al. (2004) Mouri et al. (2008) Tanaka et al. (2010) Li et al. (2012) Liu et al. (2013)
Supra-HC	-	Unilateral lesion CA3/CA1 DG granule cells dispersion	-	Bedner et al. (2015) Jefferys et al. (2016) Pitsch et al. (2019)
Intranasal	-	Bilateral damage CA3 area of the hippocampus Olfactory bulbs	-	Chen et al. (2002) Duan et al. (2006) Zhang et al. (2008) Lu et al. (2008) Sabilallah et al. (2016)

Am, amygdala; DG, dentate gyrus; HC, hippocampus; ICV, intraventricular; MF, mossy fibers