Figure 20.

SERS NPs for bladder cancer imaging. A) Proposed application of intraluminal SERS NPs. a) Patient presents with potential NMIBC (red color tissue). b) Before cystoscopy, intraluminal SERS nanoparticles are administered. Each NP color represents a different targeting mechanism (passive, blue; CA9, red; and CD47, green). c) Patient receives standard of care, which is guided transurethral resection. Regions ambiguous on white light cystoscopy (WLC) are subsequently interrogated with Raman endoscopy. d, e) Based on absolute and relative binding levels of each channel, flat lesions can be identified, and cancer tissue is resected. B) Schematic representation of the SERS NPs. The blue IgG4 NPs are used as negative experimental control for active binding of CA9- and CD47-targeted SERS NPs. Adapted with permission.^[202] Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.