Table 5.
Summary of nanotechnology-assisted cancer specific molecular imaging probes in clinical trials.
| Imaging modality | Nanoplatform | Cancer type | Receptor | Status | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PET/CT | [18F] Fluoroestradiol (FES) | Breast cancer | ER+ | Phase 1 | NCT02559544 |
| PET/CT | 68Ga-NOTA-BBN-RGD | Breast cancer | GRPR | Phase 1 | NCT02749019 |
| PET | [18F]-ML-10 | Metastatic brain cancer | EPR | Phase 2 | NCT00805636 |
| PET/CT | (99m Tc) ECDG | Lung cancer | EPR | Phase 3 | NCT01394679 |
| PET/CT | 68Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD | Lung cancer | Integrin αvβ3 | Early Phase 1 | NCT02817945 |
| PET/CT | 124I | Breast cancer | NIS | Early Phase 1 | NCT01360177 |
| PET/CT | 89Zr-trastuzumab | Breast cancer | HER2 | Phase 1 | NCT02286843 |
| PET | 64Cu- TP3805 | Bladder carcinoma | EPR | Early Phase 1 | NCT03039413 |
| PET | 68Ga-labeled HBED-CC PSMA | Prostate cancer | PSMA | Phase 1 Phase 2 | NCT02611882 |
| dPET-CT | 18F-FMISO | NSCLC | hypoxia | – | NCT01617980 |
| PET | 89Zr-trastuzumab | Breast cancer | HER2 | – | NCT01081600 |
| PET/CT | (18F-3c) ([18F]ISO-1) | Breast cancer | Sigma-2 receptor | Phase 1 | NCT02762110 |
| PET | 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 | Breast, Prostate and Bladder cancer | uPAR | Early Phase 1 | NCT02139371 |
| PET/CT | [18F]ISO-1 | Breast cancer | Sigma-2 receptor | – | NCT03057743 |
| IOI | OTL38 | Ovarian cancer | Folate Receptor-α | Phase 2 | NCT02317705 |
| PET | 68Ga-NOTA-AE105 | Breast, Prostate and Bladder cancer | uPAR | Phase 1 | NCT02437539 |
| PET | 89Zr-GSK2849330 | cancers | HER3 | Phase 1 | NCT02345174 |
| PET | 89Zr-AMG211 | Gastrointestinal cancer | CEA, CD66e and CD3 | Phase 1 | NCT02760199 |
| PET/CT | 68Ga-PSMA | Prostate cancer | PSMA | Phase 2 | NCT03689582 |
| SPECT/CT | 99mTc-ABH2 | Breast cancer | HER2 | Early Phase 1 | NCT03546478 |
| MRI/PET | 64Cu-MM-302 | Brain solid tumors | HER2 | Early Phase 1 | NCT02735798 |
| PET/CT | 18F-EF5 | Ovarian cancer | Hypoxia | – | NCT01881451 |
| PET/CT | 68Ga-NODAGA-Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 | Cancers | EGFR | – | NCT02916329 |
| NIRF | OTL38 | Lung cancer | Folate Receptor | Phase 2 | NCT02872701 |
| PET | 89Zr-labeled KN035 | Solid tumors | PD-L1 | – | NCT03638804 |
| PET | 68Ga-Labeled F(ab’) 2- Trastuzumab | Solid tumors | HER2 | Phase 1 | NCT00613847 |
| PET/CT | 68Ga-PSMA | Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma | PSMA | Phase 3 | NCT03582774 |
| PET/CT | 18F-FMISO | NSCLC | Hypoxia | – | NCT02016872 |
| PET/CT | 89Zr-daratumumab | Multiple Myeloma | CD38 | Phase 1 Phase 2 | NCT03665155 |
| PET | 18-F-MISO | Prostate Adenocarcinoma | Hypoxia | Phase 2 | NCT01898065 |
| PET/CT | 18F-DCFPyL | RCC | PSMA | – | NCT02687139 |
| NIRF | bevacizumab-IRDye800CW | Breast cancer | VEGF | Phase 1 | NCT01508572 |
| PET/CT | 89Zr-trastuzumab | Breast cancer | HER2 | – | NCT02286843 |
| NIRF | Bevacizumab-IRDye800CW | Rectal cancer | VEGF | Phase 1 | NCT01972373 |
| NIRF | Indocyanine green | Lung cancer | EPR | Phase 1 | NCT00264602 |
| PET/CT | 18F-FDG | NSCLC | Metabolism targeting | Phase 3 | NCT02938546 |
| PET | 18F-Fluoroazomycin arabinoside | Tongue cancer | Hypoxia | Phase 1 Phase 2 | NCT03181035 |
| Theranostic | 177Lu-PP-F11N | Thyroid cancer | cholecystokinin-2 receptors | Phase 1 | NCT02088645 |
| PET/CT | 18F-DCFPyL | Prostate cancer | PSMA | Early Phase 1 | NCT02691169 |
| Ultrasound Imaging | Perflutren Lipid Microsphere | Prostate cancer | EPR | Phase 2 | NCT02967458 |
| PET/CT | 18Fluciclatide | Solid tumors | αvβ3 | Phase 1 Phase 2 | NCT01176500 |
| PET/CT | 64Cu-plerixafor | Cancers | CXCR4 | Early Phase 1 | NCT02069080 |
| Ultrasound Imaging | BR55 | Prostate cancer | VEGFR2 | Phase 1 Phase 2 | NCT02142608 |
| PET/MRI | [89Zr]-Df-Trastuzumab | Breast cancer | HER2 | Early Phase 1 | NCT03321045 |
| PET/CT | 111In-folic acid | Prostate cancer | Folate receptor | – | NCT00003763 |
| NIRF | OTL38 | Ovarian cancer | Folate receptor | Phase 3 | NCT03180307 |
*
Abbreviations: CEA, human carcinoembryonic antigen; PSMA, prostate specific membrane antigen; GRPR, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor; uPAR, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor; NSCLC, non-small-cell-lung cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; (18F-3c) ([18F]ISO-1), N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,−4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl) butyl)-2-(2-[18F]-fluoroethoxy)-5-methylbenzamide; ECDG, ethylenedicysteine-deoxyglucose; NIRF, near infrared fluorescent image NIS, [Na+I-symporter, sodium iodide symporter]; [18F]-ML-10, 2-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic-acid. All information obtained from (https://clinicaltrials.gov).