Table 1.
Characteristics of Case Control Studies Comparing PWS and PWRI Between Ruptured and Asymptomatic Intact AAAs of Similar Aortic Diameter
| Study | Total Sample Size | Sample Size (Asymptomatic Intact: Ruptured)* | Biomechanical Measurements | Software Used | Variables That Were Balanced Between Asymptomatic iAAA and rAAAs | Blood Pressure Used in PWS or PWRI Analysis | Reproducibility of Biomechanical Measurements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singh et al (2020) 7 | 75 | 75 (50:25) | PWS, PWRI | A4 Clinics 5.0 (VASCOPS GmbH, Graz, Austria). | Diameter and blood pressure | Standardized blood pressure (140/80 mm Hg) used and sensitivity analysis with lower and higher blood pressures (120/70 mm Hg and 160/90 mm Hg) for all participants | Intraobserver reproducibility; CV 2.7% and 4.7% for PWS in iAAA and rAAAs respectively |
| Siika et al (2019) 10 | 283 | 60 (40:20) | PWS, PWRI | A4 Clinics 5.0 (VASCOPS GmbH, Graz, Austria) | Diameter, sex, age and blood pressure | Blood pressure omitted from analyses | NR |
| Siika et al (2018) 19 | 90 | 43 (15:28) | PWS, PWRI | A4 Clinics 5.0 (VASCOPS GmbH, Graz, Austria) | Diameter | Patient‐specific blood pressure; timing of blood pressure measurement in relation to CT scan not reported | Intraobserver reproducibility; Mean % difference of 6.86±6.46 and 7.70±6.26 for PWS and PWRI respectively. Interobserver reproducibility; mean % difference 7.09±6.16 and 9.47±8.18 † |
| Leemans et al (2018) 11 | 175 | 62 (31:31) | PWS, PWRI, rupture risk equivalent diameter | A4 Clinics 5.0 (VASCOPS GmbH, Graz, Austria). | Diameter | Patient‐specific blood pressure obtained from the last measurement in a noncritical setting within 1 year before presentation | NR |
| Polzer et al (2015) 20 | 14 | 14 (7:7) | PWRI and probabilistic rupture risk index | A4 Clinics 5.0 (VASCOPS GmbH, Graz, Austria) and ANSYS (Ansys Inc.) | Diameter | Patient‐specific blood pressure; timing of blood pressure measurement not reported | Intraobserver reproducibility; CV <5.5% for PWS and PWRI in participants with iAAAs. Interobserver reproducibility; intraclass correlation coefficient 0.98 (range 0.97–0.99) for PWS and PWRI † |
| Gasser et al (2010) 26 | 50 | 35 (17:18) | PWS, PWRI | A4 Clinics 5.0 (VASCOPS GmbH, Graz, Austria) | Diameter and blood pressure | Participants were matched for blood pressure between groups. Blood pressure measurements obtained in the same admission in which CT scan was performed or earlier hospital or healthcare center visit (for ruptured cases) | NR |
| Truijers et al (2007) 16 | 30 | 20 (10:10) | PWS | ABAQUS v.6.5 (Hibbit, Karlsson and Sorensen, Inc, Pawtucket, RI) | Diameter and blood pressure | Patient‐specific blood pressure obtained from a year before CT scan; Sensitivity analysis also performed in which a standardized blood pressure (120 mm Hg systolic) was used | NR |
AAA indicates abdominal aortic aneurysm; CT, computed tomography; CV, coefficient of variation; iAAA, asymptomatic intact AAA; NR, not reported; PWRI, peak wall rupture index; PWS, peak wall stress; and rAAA, ruptured AAA.
*
Sample sizes reported are reflective of the cases and control that were similar in AAA diameter and excluded symptomatic AAA cases.
†
Reported in an external publication.