Table 2.
Imaging Findings and Treatment Stratified by Biomarker Levels
|
TnI ≥0.34 ng/mL (n=112) |
TnI <0.34 ng/mL (n=334) |
P Value |
BNP ≥300 pg/mL (n=112) |
BNP <300 pg/mL (n=334) |
P Value |
CRP ≥84 mg/dL (n=112) |
CRP <84 mg/dL (n=334) |
P Value |
Ferritin ≥2000 ng/mL (n=116) |
Ferritin <2000 ng/mL (n=330) |
P Value |
d‐Dimer ≥6106 ng/mL (n=111) |
d‐Dimer <6106 ng/mL (n=335) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imaging findings | |||||||||||||||
| Abnormal chest radiograph no./total no. (%) | 102 (91.1) | 301 (90.1) | 0.77 |
99 (88.4) |
304 (91.0) | 0.42 | 302 (90.1) | 101 (91.0) | 0.80 | 111 (95.7) | 292 (88.5) | 0.02 | 103 (92.8) | 300 (89.6) | 0.32 |
| Bilateral infiltrate | 87 (77.7) | 273 (81.7) | 0.35 | 87 (77.7) | 273 (81.7) | 0.35 | 96 (86.5) | 264 (78.8) | 0.08 | 102 (87.9) | 258 (78.2) | 0.02 | 96 (86.5) | 264 (78.8) | 0.08 |
| Pleural effusion | 7 (6.3) | 24 (7.2) | 0.74 | 10 (8.9) | 21 (6.3) | 0.34 | 10 (9.0) | 21 (6.3) | 0.33 | 6 (5.2) | 25 (7.6) | 0.38 | 5 (4.5) | 26 (7.8) | 0.24 |
| Lowest LVEF during hospitalization, %, median (IQR) | 60.5 (47.5–67) | 62.5 (55–67.5) | 0.30 | 57.5 (42.5–62.5) | 62.5 (57.5–69.0) | <0.001 | 59.0 (48.0–67.5) | 62.5 (55.0–66.0) | 0.51 | 58.8 (48.5–65.0) | 62.5 (57.0–67.5) | 0.23 | 62.5 (52.5–69.0) | 62.0 (48.0–65.0) | 0.26 |
| Decreased RV function, no./total no. (%) | 7 (13.7) | 6 (11.5) | 0.74 | 10 (22.2) | 3 (5.2) | 0.01 | 7 (17.5) | 6 (9.5) | 0.24 | 7 (15.6) | 6 (10.3) | 0.43 | 4 (9.5) | 9 (14.8) | 0.43 |
| Medical treatments | |||||||||||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 99 (88.4) | 282 (84.4) | 0.30 | 98 (87.5) | 283 (84.7) | 0.47 | 103 (92.8) | 278 (83.0) | 0.01 | 107 (92.2) | 274 (83.0) | 0.02 | 100 (90.1) | 281 (83.9) | 0.11 |
| Remdesivir | 4 (3.6) | 21 (6.3) | 0.28 | 6 (5.4) | 19 (5.7) | 0.90 | 11 (9.9) | 14 (4.2) | 0.02 | 9 (7.8) | 16 (4.8) | 0.24 | 7 (6.3) | 18 (5.4) | 0.71 |
| Steroids | 54 (48.2) | 104 (31.1) | 0.001 | 48 (42.9) | 110 (32.9) | 0.06 | 56 (50.5) | 102 (30.4) | <0.001 | 61 (52.6) | 97 (29.4) | <0.001 | 62 (55.9) | 96 (28.7) | <0.001 |
| Il‐6 inhibitor | 9 (8.0) | 31 (9.3) | 0.69 | 6 (5.4) | 34 (10.2) | 0.12 | 7 (6.3) | 33 (9.9) | 0.26 | 11 (9.5) | 29 (8.8) | 0.82 | 20 (18.0) | 20 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| Intravenous gamma globulin | 2 (1.8) | 4 (1.2) | 0.64 | 1 (0.9) | 5 (1.5) | 0.63 | 2 (1.8) | 4 (1.2) | 0.63 | 2 (1.7) | 4 (1.2) | 0.68 | 2 (1.8) | 4 (1.2) | 0.63 |
BNP indicates B‐type natriuretic peptide; CRP, C‐reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RV, right ventricle; and TnI, troponin.