Table 4.
HRs and 95% CIs for Weekday Bedtime Associated With CHF in Subgroup Analysis With Different Self‐Reported Sleep Duration
| Variable | Individuals, N | Person‐Years | Event, n (%) | Morbidity Rate* | Univariate Models | P Value | Multivariable Adjusted † | P Value | Multivariable Adjusted ‡ | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Bedtime | ||||||||||
| 6–8 h | 3443 | 36 715 | 331 (9.6) | 9.0 | ||||||
| >12:00 am | 244 | 2340.6 | 43 (17.6) | 18.4 | 3.03 (2.11–4.34) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.51–3.14) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.45–3.01) | <0.001 |
| 11:01 pm to 12:00 am | 1040 | 10 853.3 | 129 (12.4) | 11.9 | 1.98 (1.52–2.58) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.13–1.94) | 0.004 | 1.49 (1.14–1.95) | 0.004 |
| 10:01–11:00 pm | 1436 | 15 796.6 | 94 (6.5) | 6.0 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| ≤10:00 pm | 723 | 7724.4 | 65 (9.0) | 8.4 | 1.43 (1.04–1.96) | 0.026 | 1.50 (1.09–2.07) | 0.013 | 1.50 (1.09–2.07) | 0.013 |
| >8 h | 943 | 9227.2 | 141 (15.0) | 15.3 | ||||||
| >12:00 am | 44 | 384.2 | 9 (20.5) | 23.4 | 1.37 (0.68–2.79) | 0.382 | 1.43 (0.68–2.99) | 0.346 | 1.47 (0.70–3.07) | 0.308 |
| 11:01 pm to 12:00 am | 139 | 1405.6 | 21 (15.1) | 14.9 | 0.92 (0.55–1.52) | 0.735 | 0.80 (0.48–1.33) | 0.387 | 0.81 0.48–1.35) | 0.418 |
| 10:01–11:00 pm | 317 | 3129 | 51 (16.1) | 16.3 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| ≤10:00 pm | 443 | 4308.4 | 60 (13.5) | 13.9 | 0.87 (0.60–1.26) | 0.449 | 0.84 (0.58–1.23) | 0.378 | 0.84 (0.58–1.23) | 0.368 |
| <6 h | 379 | 3849.5 | 47 (12.4) | 12.2 | ||||||
| >12:00 am | 153 | 1553.9 | 17 (11.1) | 10.9 | 0.90 (0.42–1.92) | 0.784 | 0.61 (0.27–1.38) | 0.235 | 0.63 (0.28–1.43) | 0.271 |
| 11:01 pm to 12:00 am | 127 | 1255.5 | 16 (12.6) | 12.7 | 1.04 (0.48–2.24) | 0.924 | 0.80 (0.36–1.80) | 0.591 | 0.85 (0.37–1.91) | 0.685 |
| 10:01–11:00 pm | 84 | 900.7 | 11 (13.1) | 12.2 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
| ≤10:00 pm | 15 | 139.4 | 3 (20) | 21.5 | 1.21 (0.34–4.32) | 0.775 | 1.23 (0.30–5.08) | 0.776 | 1.14 (0.27–4.81) | 0.862 |
| P interaction=0.019 | ||||||||||
CHF indicates congestive heart failure; and HR, hazard ratio.
*
Crude event rate per 1000 person‐years.
†
Adjusted by age, sex, race, smoking, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and apnea‐hypopnea index.
‡
Adjusted by age, sex, race, smoking, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, apnea‐hypopnea index, and sleep efficiency.