Figure 3. Effect of influenza vaccine on all‐cause mortality.

Studies included Wu et al, ²⁰ Vardeny et al, ¹⁰ de Diego et al, ⁷ Liu et al, ³⁰ Kopel et al, ³² Wu et al, ³¹ Blaya‐Nováková et al, ³³ Modin et al, ³⁴ FLUVACS (Flu Vaccination in Acute Coronary Syndromes and Planned Percutaneous Coronary Interventions), ¹⁷ FLUCAD (Influenza Vaccination in Secondary Prevention From Coronary Ischemic Events in Coronary Artery Disease), ¹⁶ IVCAD (Efficacy of Influenza Vaccination in Reducing Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Diseases), ¹⁸ and Phrommintikul et al. ¹⁹ RCT indicates randomized control trial.