Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 77 169 Included Participants From UK Biobank
|
Low CRF (≤20% of W/kg FFM)* n=15 581 |
Medium CRF (20% to ≤60% of W/kg FFM)* n=30 874 |
High CRF (>60% of W/kg FFM)* n=30 714 |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 58.4 (8.4) | 57.9 (8.2) | 57.5 (8.1) | <0.001 |
| Women, % | 52 | 53 | 53 | 0.52 |
| CRF, W | 108.5 (47.4) | 168.9 (60.7) | 243.9 (81.8) | <0.001 |
| W/kg FFM | 2.0 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.6) | 4.5 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| W/kg body mass | 1.4 (0.5) | 2.2 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Body fat, % | 30.9 (8.3) | 31.2 (8.2) | 31.1 (8.4) | 0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 76.6 (16.3) | 77.3 (15.4) | 78.4 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| BMI | 27.1 (4.9) | 27.1 (4.4) | 27.1 (4.2) | 0.37 |
| Weight status, % | <0.001 | |||
| Normal weight | 37.7 | 34.7 | 33.8 | |
| Overweight | 38.7 | 43.5 | 45.4 | |
| Obese | 23.6 | 21.9 | 20.8 | |
| Townsend deprivation index | −1.0 (3.1) | −1.3 (2.9) | −1.5 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| Television viewing, h/d | 2.9 (1.7) | 2.7 (1.6) | 2.5 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Education, % | <0.001 | |||
| No qualifications | 15.6 | 12.2 | 9.7 | |
| Not College/university degree | 51.2 | 51.1 | 47.5 | |
| College/university degree | 33.2 | 36.8 | 42.8 | |
| White race, % | 88.1 | 92.1 | 95.0 | <0.001 |
| Living with partner, % | 69.9 | 73.3 | 74.4 | <0.001 |
| Employed, % | 51.7 | 56.1 | 59.1 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption, % | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 6.0 | 4.6 | 2.8 | |
| Former | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.5 | |
| Current, <3 times per wk | 51.1 | 49.2 | 45.4 | |
| Current, ≥3 times per wk | 39.4 | 43.3 | 49.3 | |
| Healthy dietary pattern (meeting at least 2 targets), % † | 67.3 | 69.6 | 72.3 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, % | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 59.7 | 57.9 | 55.7 | |
| Former | 31.8 | 34.4 | 36.3 | |
| Current | 8.6 | 7.7 | 8.1 | |
| Hormone replacement treatment (%, women only) | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 0.054 |
| β‐Blocker use, % | 4.9 | 3.8 | 7.2 | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker use, % | 10.4 | 6.9 | 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Statins use, % | 18.3 | 16.1 | 15.0 | <0.001 |
| Depression, % | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.5 | <0.001 |
| Asthma, % | 10.9 | 11.1 | 10.3 | 0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 7.3 | 5.4 | 4.2 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 64.2 | 52.6 | 46.2 | <0.001 |
| CVD, % | 4.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | <0.001 |
| Cancer, % | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 0.10 |
Number varies from 74 557 (healthy diet pattern) to 77 169 because of missing data. BMI indicates body mass index; FFM, fat‐free mass; and W/kg, watts per kilogram.
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) cutoffs based on age (in 10‐year strata) and sex‐specific distribution in 66 943 participants free from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer at baseline and with at least 2 years of observation time.
Healthy dietary pattern is based on meeting at least 2 of 3 healthy eating targets related to food types: (1) ≤3 weekly servings of red meat and ≤1 servings per week of processed meat; (2) ≥2 servings per week of fish including at least 1 with oily fish; and (3) ≥5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables.