Table 4.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Associations Between Hospital Resuscitation Champion Type and Survival Outcomes for In‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest

	Hospital Resuscitation Champion Type
	Not Active Champion	Very Active MD Champion		Very Active Non‐MD Champion
		OR (95% CI)	P Value	OR (95% CI)	P Value
Risk‐standardized survival to discharge*
Unadjusted for hospital practices	Reference	4.39 (1.89, 10.23)	<0.001	1.30 (0.69, 2.45)	0.45
Adjusted for hospital practices	Reference	3.90 (1.39, 10.95)	0.01	1.28 (0.62, 2.65)	0.51
Risk‐adjusted favorable neurological survival*
Unadjusted for hospital practices	Reference	3.91 (1.69, 9.04)	0.001	0.96 (0.51, 1.80)	0.90
Adjusted for hospital practices	Reference	3.11 (1.08, 8.90)	0.036	0.83 (0.39, 1.74)	0.62

Hospitals without a very active resuscitation champion were the reference group for these comparisons. MD indicates physician; and OR indicates odds ratio.

^*Both outcomes are adjusted for differences in patient case‐mix severity across hospitals (see Methods for variables used for risk‐standardized survival rate to discharge and risk‐adjusted favorable neurological discharge). Adjusted models included as covariates hospital teaching status, in‐hospital cardiac arrest volume (<100, 100–250, >250), and resuscitation practices that had a bivariate association (P<0.10) across hospital champion groups.