Table 4.
Association of Psychosocial Factors at Visit 2 With Changes in z‐Normalized Heart Rate Variability Between Visit 1 and Visit 4
| Psychosocial Factors With Standardized Heart Rate Variability and HR Changes in Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency Domain | Time Domain | |||||
| Ln HF | Ln LF | LF/HF | SDNN | RMSSD | HR | |
| MVEQ | −0.04 (−0.12 to 0.04) | −0.09* (−0.17 to −0.01) | −0.08 (−0.16 to 0.0) | −0.09* (−0.17 to −0.01) | –0.05 (−0.12 to 0.03) | 0.15 † (0.09‒0.21) |
| STAS | 0.01 (−0.07 to 0.09) | 0.01 (−0.08 to 0.09) | −0.05 (−0.10 to 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.10 to 0.06) | –0.03 (−0.10 to 0.04) | 0.10 ‡ (0.05‒0.20) |
| ISEL | 0.0 (−0.01 to 0.0) | 0.0 (−0.01 to 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.01) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.01) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.01) | −0.01 † (−0.01 to 0.0) |
| LSNS | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.04) | 0.0 (−0.06 to 0.05) | 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.08) | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07) | −0.06 † (−0.10 to −0.02) |
| ∆STAS | 0.0 (−0.09 to 0.08) | 0.04 (−0.05 to 0.10) | 0.07 (−0.02 to 0.20) | 0.01 (−0.08 to 0.10) | 0.01 (−0.07 to 0.10) | −0.10 † (−0.20 to −0.03) |
Psychosocial factors were analyzed in adjusted linear regression models with the change in z‐normalized heart rate variability from visit 1 to visit 4 as the outcome, showing both directionality and magnitude of change. The estimates are for the amount of change in heart rate variability for every 10‐point change in Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire (n=5371), Spielberger Trait Anger Scale (n=5356), Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (n=5330), and Lubben Social Network Scale (n=5330) respectively. An additional model included the effect of a 10‐point change in Spielberger Trait Anger Scale (n=5343) from visit 2 to visit 4. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, body mass index, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. HF indicates high frequency (ln ms2); HR, heart rate (beats/minute); ISEL, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List; LF, low frequency (ln ms2); LSNS, Lubben Social Network Scale; MVEQ, Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire; STAS, Spielberger Trait Anger Scale; TP, total frequency power (ln ms2); SDNN, the standard deviation of normally conducted RR intervals (ms); and RMSSD, the root mean square of successive differences in normally conducted RR intervals (ms).
P<0.05.
P<0.01.
P<0.001.