Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics, Stratified by Quartiles of Moderate Physical Activity
| Characteristics | Quartile 1 (N=313) | Quartile 2 (N=350) | Quartile 3 (N=374) | Quartile 4 (N=331) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartiles of moderate activity (MET min/d) | |||||
| Age, y | 49.2 (9.8) | 49.2 (10.1) | 49.2 (10.6) | 49.2 (10.2) | 0.97 |
| Men, % | 39.3 | 40.9 | 40.9 | 39.9 | 0.89 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||||
| White | 39 | 38 | 37.1 | 38.7 | 0.88 |
| Black | 45.1 | 42 | 43 | 46.8 | 0.58 |
| Hispanic | 14.4 | 15.4 | 16.9 | 15.1 | 0.68 |
| Education, y | 12.7 (2.2) | 13.0 (2.1) | 13.0 (2.1) | 12.5 (2.5) | 0.33 |
| Smoking, % | 24.3 | 17.7 | 17.4 | 20.7 | 0.31 |
| History of hypertension, % | 42.2 | 41.7 | 39.3 | 40.8 | 0.58 |
| History of DM, % | 14.4 | 12.3 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 0.01 |
| Family history of CAD, % | 67.4 | 68.6 | 64.2 | 65 | 0.29 |
| Cardiometabolic parameters | |||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 128.2 (16.9) | 130.0 (18.8) | 130.0 (18.0) | 129.8 (16.7) | 0.19 |
| hs‐CRP | 6.8 (41.2) | 4.0 (7.3) | 4.6 (10.2) | 3.3 (5.0) | 0.02 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 117.9 (32.5) | 118.2 (35.8) | 117.8 (35.7) | 119.7 (36.0) | 0.86 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 52.1 (14.6) | 53.6 (16.1) | 54.2 (15.3) | 55.8 (16.3) | <0.01 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 128.9 (82.8) | 126.2 (113.4) | 121.8 (85.0) | 110.4 (71.4) | <0.01 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 103.1 (41.1) | 101.4 (36.9) | 97.3 (24.8) | 94.9 (21.4) | 0.16 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.8 (1.3) | 5.7 (1.2) | 5.6 (0.9) | 5.5 (0.6) | 0.36 |
| HOMA‐IR | 4.2 (4.1) | 3.6 (2.8) | 3.6 (3.5) | 3.1 (3.0) | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.4 (5.9) | 29.3 (5.2) | 29.3 (5.5) | 28.8 (5.3) | 0.10 |
| Whole body fat, % | 37.3 (8.5) | 36.8 (8.5) | 36.8 (8.7) | 35.5 (9.1) | 0.05 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 94.2 (14.6) | 93.7 (12.0) | 93.3 (12.9) | 91.7 (12.7) | <0.01 |
| Sedentary time, physical activity, and fitness parameters | |||||
| Sedentary time, min/d | 368.9 (94.1) | 317.9 (75.7) | 272.8 (75.3) | 224.7 (80.8) | <0.01 |
| Moderate physical activity, min/d | 10.4 (3.4–16.3) | 24.3 (17.3–31.6) | 42.5 (32.5–53.0) | 79.9 (61.6–103.7) | <0.01 |
| Moderate physical activity, MET min/d | 46.7 (28.7–73.1) | 109.1 (77.6–142.1) | 191.4 (146.3–238.5) | 359.4 (277.3–466.5) | <0.01 |
| Vigorous physical activity, min/d | 0.0 (0.0–0.4) | 0.3 (0.0–1.0) | 0.8 (0.3–1.9) | 1.50 (0.6–4.3) | <0.01 |
| Vigorous physical activity, MET min/d | 0.0 (0.0–3.4) | 2.6 (0.0–9.0) | 7.5 (2.3–16.9) | 13.5 (5.4–38.3) | <0.01 |
| Peak VO2, mL/kg per min | 26.5 (9.2) | 28.4 (9.6) | 29.1 (10.8) | 29.9 (10.7) | <0.01 |
| Cardiac MRI parameters | |||||
| Stroke volume, mL | 79.4 (15.9) | 80.6 (16.0) | 81.6 (16.2) | 81.5 (16.8) | 0.10 |
| LA maximum volume, mL | 60.7 (21.0) | 63.0 (21.6) | 62.2 (21.0) | 63.2 (22.5) | 0.36 |
| Peak systolic strain, s−1 | –14.4 (2.8) | –14.7 (2.6) | –14.8 (2.9) | –14.6 (2.7) | 0.43 |
| Effective arterial elastance, mm Hg/mL | 1.53 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 0.26 |
| LV mass indexed to BSA, g/m2 | 63.2 (15.0) | 63.6 (14.1) | 63.8 (14.3) | 65.2 (14.4) | 0.08 |
| LVEDV indexed to BSA, mL/m2 | 57.9 (10.6) | 59.0 (10.4) | 59.8 (11.1) | 61.1 (11.7) | <0.01 |
Data presented as mean (SD) for continuous variables (except physical activity parameters, which are reported as median [interquartile range]) and proportions for categorical variables. BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LA, left atrial; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; LV, left ventricular; LVEDV, LV end‐diastolic volume; MET, metabolic equivalent task; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; and VO2, oxygen consumption uptake.