Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics, Stratified by Quartiles of Vigorous Physical Activity
| Characteristics | Quartile 1 (N=306) | Quartile 2 (N=369) | Quartile 3 (N=359) | Quartile 4 (N=334) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartiles of vigorous activity (MET min/d) | |||||
| Age, y | 48.4 (8.7) | 50.3 (11.2) | 48.6 (10.3) | 49.3 (10.1) | 0.73 |
| Men, % | 41.2 | 37.9 | 42.6 | 39.5 | 0.96 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||||
| White | 32.7 | 43.1 | 37.0 | 38.9 | 0.38 |
| Black | 49.0 | 39.8 | 42.6 | 46.1 | 0.73 |
| Hispanic | 15.4 | 14.4 | 17.1 | 15.3 | 0.75 |
| Education, y | 12.8 (1.8) | 12.8 (2.1) | 12.6 (2.6) | 12.9 (2.2) | 0.20 |
| Smoking, % | 29.4 | 19.2 | 18.1 | 13.9 | <0.01 |
| History of hypertension, % | 46.7 | 39.8 | 39.0 | 38.9 | 0.06 |
| History of DM, % | 15.4 | 11.9 | 8.1 | 8.7 | <0.01 |
| Family history of CAD, % | 69.6 | 67.2 | 65.5 | 62.9 | 0.06 |
| Cardiometabolic parameters | |||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 131.0 (18.9) | 129.3 (17.1) | 128.8 (17.4) | 129.1 (17.3) | 0.17 |
| hs‐CRP | 6.9 (42.1) | 4.0 (5.4) | 3.5 (7.2) | 4.3 (8.4) | 0.08 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 117.2 (33.3) | 120.8 (36.6) | 119.0 (36.4) | 116.1 (33.5) | 0.40 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 53.3 (15.8) | 53.4 (14.9) | 52.8 (14.4) | 56.4 (17.2) | 0.03 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 119.8 (67.5) | 125.5 (111.6) | 129.8 (92.6) | 111.0 (77.1) | <0.01 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 102.1 (36.1) | 101.5 (38.9) | 97.1 (28.6) | 95.9 (20.5) | 0.9 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.8 (1.2) | 5.7 (1.1) | 5.6 (1.0) | 5.5 (0.7) | 0.23 |
| HOMA‐IR | 4.0 (3.8) | 3.7 (3.2) | 3.5 (3.6) | 3.2 (3.0) | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.6 (5.8) | 29.5 (5.3) | 30.0 (5.5) | 28.7 (5.3) | <0.01 |
| Whole body fat, % | 36.6 (8.7) | 38.0 (8.2) | 36.0 (8.7) | 35.8 (9.3) | 0.06 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 95.6 (14.0) | 93.8 (12.9) | 92.5 (13.0) | 91.2 (12.0) | <0.01 |
| Sedentary time, physical activity, and fitness parameters | |||||
| Sedentary time, min | 336.1 (97.6) | 306.1 (93.2) | 276.8 (92.9) | 263.5 (87.3) | <0.01 |
| Moderate physical activity, min/d | 16.9 (9.2–31.0) | 25.6 (13.4–43.0) | 40.3 (25.6–62.7) | 53.9 (32.4–84.1) | <0.01 |
| Moderate physical activity, MET min/d | 75.9 (41.3–139.5) | 115.9 (60.2–193.5) | 181.1 (115.3–282.2) | 242.6 (145.9–378.6) | <0.01 |
| Vigorous physical activity, min/d | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.3 (0.0–0.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 3.3 (1.9–7.3) | <0.01 |
| Vigorous physical activity, MET min/d | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 2.3 (0.0–3.9) | 9.0 (5.1–12.9) | 29.6 (16.7–65.3) | <0.01 |
| Peak VO2, mL/kg per min | 30.0 (9.2) | 27.8 (10.0) | 28.6 (9.9) | 30.6 (11.1) | <0.01 |
| Cardiac MRI parameters | |||||
| Stroke volume, mL | 80.5 (14.6) | 79.3 (16.4) | 80.6 (16.8) | 82.9 (16.7) | 0.06 |
| LA maximum volume, mL | 63.8 (21.2) | 60.9 (20.6) | 61.2 (21.9) | 63.8 (22.3) | 0.77 |
| Peak systolic strain, s−1 | –14.5 (2.7) | –14.5 (2.6) | –14.7 (2.9) | –14.8 (2.8) | 0.11 |
| Effective arterial elastance, mm Hg/mL | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | <0.01 |
| LV mass indexed to BSA, g/m2 | 64.6 (15.7) | 62.5 (13.0) | 63.6 (13.7) | 65.5 (15.4) | 0.28 |
| LVEDV indexed to BSA, mL/m2 | 58.5 (10.2) | 58.1 (11.1) | 59.4 (10.7) | 61.9 (11.5) | <0.01 |
Data presented as mean (SD) for continuous variables (except physical activity parameters, which are reported as median [interquartile range]) and proportions for categorical variables. BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LA, left atrial; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; LV, left ventricular; LVEDV, LV end‐diastolic volume; MET, metabolic equivalent task; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; and VO2, oxygen consumption uptake.