Table 2.
Presence of CHIP in Relation to Individual Lifestyle Factors and Healthy Lifestyle Score (n=8709)
| Variable | CHIP (Yes/No) | Minimally Adjusted Model* | Fully Adjusted Model † | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| Healthy lifestyle score (range) | |||||
| Category 1 (0–1) | 274/3257 | Referent | 0.48 | Referent | 0.35 |
| Category 2 (2) | 271/2651 | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | ||
| Category 3 (3–4) | 201/2055 | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 0.99 (0.80–1.23) | ||
| P trend ‡ | 0.82 | 0.95 | |||
| Healthy lifestyle score, continuous | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | 0.96 | 0.98 (0.90–1.08) | 0.72 | |
| AHEI (range) | |||||
| Quintile 1 (18–42.3) | 133/1606 | Referent | 0.37 | Referent | 0.22 |
| Quintile 2 (42.3–48.1) | 138/1604 | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 1.05 (0.80–1.37) | ||
| Quintile 3 (48.1–53.4) | 137/1605 | 0.96 (0.74–1.23) | 0.93 (0.71–1.23) | ||
| Quintile 4 (53.4–59.9) | 170/1573 | 1.17 (0.92–1.49) | 1.24 (0.96–1.61) | ||
| Quintile 5 (60–91) | 168/1575 | 1.12 (0.88–1.43) | 1.13 (0.86–1.48) | ||
| P trend ‡ | 0.14 | 0.16 | |||
| AHEI, continuous | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.20 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.22 | |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Inactive | 306/3473 | Referent | 0.51 | Referent | 0.71 |
| Insufficiently active | 233/2363 | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | ||
| Active | 207/2127 | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) | ||
| P trend ‡ | 0.42 | 0.73 | |||
| MET h/wk, continuous | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.62 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.87 | |
| BMI | |||||
| Obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) | 271/2794 | Referent | 0.0246 | Referent | 0.0062 |
| Overweight (25 kg/m2≤BMI≤30 kg/m2) | 271/2815 | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | ||
| Normal (18.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤25 kg/m2) | 204/2354 | 0.76 (0.63–0.93) | 0.71 (0.57–0.88) | ||
| P trend ‡ | 0.0065 | 0.0015 | |||
| BMI, continuous | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 0.0148 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.0028 | |
| Smoking | |||||
| Current smoker | 48/594 | Referent | 0.0205 | Referent | 0.0336 |
| Past smoker | 339/3238 | 1.08 (0.79–1.49) | 1.01 (0.72–1.41) | ||
| Never smoker | 359/4131 | 0.87 (0.63–1.19) | 0.81 (0.58–1.13) | ||
| P trend ‡ | 0.0199 | 0.0168 | |||
| Pack‐year of smoking, continuous | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.0094 | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.0103 | |
AHEI indicates Alternate Healthy Eating Index‐2010; BMI, body mass index; CHIP, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential; MET, metabolic equivalent task; and OR, odds ratio.
Model adjusted for age at CHIP and race/ethnicity, stratified by case type (stroke, venous thromboembolism, and controls).
Model adjusted for age at CHIP, race/ethnicity, education, income, marital status, use of cholesterol‐lowering medication, history of treated diabetes mellitus, hypertension, family history of cancer and hormone therapy use, and WHI (Women's Health Initiative) trial participation, stratified by case type (stroke, venous thromboembolism, and controls).
P value for trend test was obtained from the regression model by fitting the categorical variable as a continuous variable to evaluate a dose‐response relationship.