Table 2.
HRs for the Associations of Job Strain, Stressful Life Events, and Social Strain Categories With Incident CHD in WHI‐OS, 1993 to 2013 (N=80 825)
| Stress Domains | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Job strain | ||||
| Low strain | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Active | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 0.96 (0.88–1.06) | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | 0.93 (0.88–1.02) |
| Passive | 1.25 (1.14–1.38) | 1.24 (1.13–1.36) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) |
| High strain | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 1.00 (0.91–1.11) | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) |
| Stressful life event | ||||
| Low | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medium‐low | 0.99 (0.91–1.09) | 0.98 (0.90–1.08) | 0.97 (0.89–1.07) | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) |
| Medium‐high | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 1.10 (0.98–1.18) | 1.04 (0.94–1.14) |
| High | 1.25 (1.14–1.37) | 1.20 (1.09–1.31) | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) |
| Social strain | ||||
| Low | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Medium | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) |
| High | 1.18 (1.09–1.27) | 1.12 (1.04–1.22) | 1.09 (1.01–1.18) | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) |
| Job demand* | 0.92 (0.86–0.97) | 0.97 (0.92–1.04) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) |
| Job control* | 0.84 (0.80–0.89) | 0.86 (0.81–0.90) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) |
| Stressful life events* | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) |
| Social strain* | 1.05 (1.03–1.06) | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
Mode 1: age. Model 2: age and other domains of stress. Model 3: age, race/ethnicity, income, education, job tenure, and other domains of stress. Model 4: age, race/ethnicity, income, education, job tenure, depression symptoms, smoking, alcohol, leisure‐time physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and other domains of stress. CHD indicates coronary heart disease; HR, hazard ratio; and WHI‐OS, Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.
*
Model adjusted for continuous stressor instead of categorical stressor.