Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Patients With PE Treated by CDT or ST Before and After Propensity Score Weighting
| Before IPTW* | After IPTW† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics |
CDT (n=145) |
ST (n=1158) |
STD | CDT | ST | STD |
| Age, y | 61.5±16.0 | 62.9±15.7 | −0.09 | 63.4±16.5 | 62.8±15.7 | 0.04 |
| Male sex | 56 (38.6) | 527 (45.5) | −0.14 | 39.0 | 44.6 | −0.11 |
| Venous thromboembolism history | ||||||
| Deep‐vein thrombosis | 1 (0.7) | 20 (1.7) | −0.10 | 1.3 | 1.6 | −0.03 |
| PE | 2 (1.4) | 13 (1.1) | 0.02 | 0.5 | 1.1 | −0.07 |
| Cardiometabolic disease | ||||||
| Hypertension | 70 (48.3) | 593 (51.2) | −0.06 | 52.4 | 50.8 | 0.03 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 32 (22.1) | 299 (25.8) | −0.09 | 23.3 | 25.3 | −0.05 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 28 (19.3) | 236 (20.4) | −0.03 | 26.8 | 20.3 | 0.15 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 8 (5.5) | 71 (6.1) | −0.03 | 5.3 | 6.0 | −0.03 |
| Gout | 6 (4.1) | 114 (9.8) | −0.23 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 0.02 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 37 (25.5) | 296 (25.6) | <0.01 | 24.4 | 25.5 | −0.03 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 3 (2.1) | 40 (3.5) | −0.08 | 3.3 | 3.3 | <0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 6 (4.1) | 79 (6.8) | −0.12 | 6.4 | 6.5 | <0.01 |
| Previous stroke | 13 (9.0) | 127 (11.0) | −0.07 | 6.4 | 10.7 | −0.15 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 25 (17.2) | 196 (16.9) | 0.01 | 14.3 | 16.9 | −0.07 |
| Provoking factor of PE | ||||||
| Paralysis (immobilization) | 19 (13.1) | 75 (6.5) | 0.22 | 6.9 | 7.2 | −0.01 |
| Cancer | 19 (13.1) | 154 (13.3) | −0.01 | 12.0 | 13.3 | −0.04 |
| Pregnant in the previous year | 1 (0.7) | 27 (2.3) | −0.13 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 0.03 |
| Trauma injury in the previous month | 8 (5.5) | 61 (5.3) | 0.01 | 5.0 | 5.3 | −0.01 |
| Major surgery in the previous month | 4 (2.8) | 17 (1.5) | 0.09 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.01 |
| Other comorbidity | ||||||
| COPD | 11 (7.6) | 161 (13.9) | −0.21 | 10.9 | 13.2 | −0.07 |
| Liver disease | 16 (11.0) | 140 (12.1) | −0.03 | 11.0 | 12.0 | −0.03 |
| Congestive heart failure | 9 (6.2) | 114 (9.8) | −0.13 | 7.9 | 9.4 | −0.05 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 7 (4.8) | 45 (3.9) | 0.05 | 6.0 | 4.1 | 0.09 |
| Autoimmune disease | 3 (2.1) | 21 (1.8) | 0.02 | 1.2 | 1.8 | −0.05 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | 2.2±2.4 | 2.4±2.6 | −0.07 | 2.1±2.5 | 2.4±2.6 | −0.11 |
| Medication after discharge | ||||||
| Statin | 17 (11.7) | 104 (9.0) | 0.09 | 14.3 | 9.3 | 0.15 |
| ACEI/ARB | 31 (21.4) | 232 (20.0) | 0.03 | 24.2 | 20.2 | 0.09 |
| β‐Blocker | 29 (20.0) | 190 (16.4) | 0.09 | 18.6 | 16.7 | 0.05 |
| CCB | 26 (17.9) | 221 (19.1) | −0.03 | 22.0 | 18.9 | 0.08 |
| Diuretics | 18 (12.4) | 192 (16.6) | −0.12 | 15.4 | 16.1 | −0.02 |
| Antiplatelet | 21 (14.5) | 201 (17.4) | −0.08 | 17.7 | 17.0 | 0.02 |
| OHA | 16 (11.0) | 136 (11.7) | −0.02 | 11.2 | 11.7 | −0.01 |
| Insulin | 4 (2.8) | 39 (3.4) | −0.04 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 0.09 |
| Antidepressants | 8 (5.5) | 87 (7.5) | −0.08 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 0.04 |
| Hormone therapy | 3 (2.1) | 10 (0.9) | 0.10 | 0.7 | 1.0 | −0.03 |
| Anticoagulant | 102 (70.3) | 743 (64.2) | 0.13 | 70.2 | 64.9 | 0.11 |
| In‐hospital condition or treatment | ||||||
| Cardiogenic shock | 62 (42.8) | 433 (37.4) | 0.11 | 36.0 | 37.9 | −0.04 |
| ECMO | 12 (8.3) | 44 (3.8) | 0.19 | 3.9 | 4.2 | −0.02 |
| Intubation | 38 (26.2) | 288 (24.9) | 0.03 | 20.6 | 24.9 | −0.10 |
| Follow‐up time, y | 3.8±4.0 | 3.4±3.6 | 0.10 | 4.1±3.7 | 3.4±3.7 | 0.18 |
| Follow‐up time, y | 2.1 (0.3– 7.2) | 2.2 (0.2–5.6) | … | 3.3 (0.7–6.7) | 2.2 (0.2–5.6) | … |
ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CDT, catheter‐directed thrombolysis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; PE, pulmonary embolism; ST, systemic thrombolysis; and STD, standardized difference.
*
Data are presented as frequency (percentage), mean±SD, or median (25th–75th percentile).
†
Data are presented as percentage, mean±SD, or median (25th–75th percentile).