Table 3.
HRs and 95% CIs for SE Associated With CVD Mortality
| Variable | Total | SE <80.0% | SE 80.0%–84.9% | SE 85.0%–89.9% | SE ≥90.0% | Continuous (per 1%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVD mortality | ||||||
| No. of subjects | 3810 | 1081 | 672 | 932 | 1125 | |
| Person‐years | 41640.3 | 11115.7 | 7342.2 | 10488.1 | 12694.3 | |
| Events, n (%) | 199 (5.2) | 90 (8.3) | 39 (5.8) | 41 (4.4) | 29 (2.6) | |
| Morbidity rate* | 4.8 | 8.1 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 2.3 | |
| Hazard ratio for SE | ||||||
| Univariate models | 3.647 (2.399–5.543) † | 2.336 (1.445–3.778) ‡ | 1.709 (1.062–2.750) § | 1 (Reference) | 0.961 (0.951–0.971) † | |
| Age and sex adjusted | 2.356 (1.543–3.598) † | 1.747 (1.077–2.833) § | 1.351 (0.839–2.176) | 1 (Reference) | 0.973 (0.962–0.984) † | |
| Multivariable adjusted ‖ | 1.887 (1.224–2.909) ‡ | 1.587 (0.972–2.590) | 1.233 (0.764–1.991) | 1 (Reference) | 0.979 (0.967–0.991) ‡ | |
CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; and SE, sleep efficiency.
*
Crude event rate per 1000 person‐years.
†
P<0.001.
‡
P<0.01.
§
P<0.05.
‖
Adjusted by age, sex, race, smoking status, body mass index, prevalent hypertension and diabetes mellitus, apnea‐hypopnea index, and sleep duration.