Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants Without CVD at Baseline by Triglyceride and HDL‐C Status in the Look AHEAD Study
| Whole Sample | Triglyceride and HDL‐C Status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal Triglyceride, Normal HDL‐C | High Triglyceride, Normal HDL‐C | Normal Triglyceride, Low HDL‐C | High Triglyceride, Low HDL‐C | P Value | ||
| Sample size, n (%) | 4199 (100) | 1110 (26.4) | 486 (11.6) | 944 (22.5) | 1659 (39.5) | … |
| Treatment assignment, n (%) | 0.692 | |||||
| DM support and education | 2111 (50.3) | 557 (50.2) | 233 (47.9) | 484 (51.3) | 837 (50.5) | |
| Intensive lifestyle intervention | 2088 (49.7) | 553 (49.8) | 253 (52.1) | 460 (48.7) | 822 (49.6) | |
| Age, y | 58.4 (6.6) | 59.1 (6.4) | 59.0 (6.4) | 57.8 (7.0) | 58.0 (6.6) | <0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 2600 (61.9) | 674 (60.7) | 284 (58.4) | 652 (69.1) | 990 (59.7) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| White | 2726 (64.9) | 630 (56.8) | 346 (71.2) | 527 (55.8) | 1223 (73.7) | |
| Black (not Hispanic) | 719 (17.1) | 331 (29.8) | 48 (9.9) | 225 (23.8) | 115 (6.9) | |
| Hispanic | 610 (14.5) | 101 (9.1) | 73 (15.0) | 157 (16.6) | 279 (16.8) | |
| Other/mixed | 144 (3.4) | 48 (4.3) | 19 (3.9) | 35 (3.7) | 42 (2.5) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 36.0 (5.9) | 35.7 (6.0) | 35.8 (6.0) | 36.4 (6.2) | 36.1 (5.7) | 0.026 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 113.6 (14.1) | 111.8 (13.8) | 113.3 (14.7) | 113.9 (14.0) | 114.8 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 170 (4.1) | 38 (3.4) | 13 (2.7) | 36 (3.8) | 83 (5.0) | 0.058 |
| Alcohol drinking, oz/wk | 0.0 (0.0–5.0) | 0.0 (0.0–7.5) | 0.0 (0.0–6.5) | 0.0 (0.0–5.0) | 0.0 (0.0–5.0) | 0.016 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 129.1 (16.9) | 129.3 (17.6) | 129.8 (16.7) | 128.2 (17.3) | 129.3 (16.2) | 0.269 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 70.5 (9.5) | 70.4 (9.3) | 70.5 (9.8) | 70.0 (9.6) | 70.7 (9.4) | 0.279 |
| Use of antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 2987 (71.1) | 789 (71.1) | 353 (72.6) | 666 (70.6) | 1179 (71.1) | 0.875 |
| HbA1C, % | 7.2 (1.2) | 7.1 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.2) | 7.1 (1.1) | 7.4 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes mellitus, years | 5.0 (2.0–9.0) | 5.0 (2.0–10.0) | 5.0 (2.0–8.0 | 5.0 (2.0–10.0) | 5.0 (2.0–8.0) | 0.232 |
| Use of insulin, n (%) | 716 (17.1) | 226 (20.4) | 60 (12.4) | 162 (17.2) | 268 (16.2) | 0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 152.0 (107.0–219.0) | 96.0 (75.0–121.0) | 190.0 (169.0–235.0) | 114.0 (94.0–131.0) | 226.0 (183.0–303.0) | <0.001 |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 42.0 (36.0–50.0) | 54.0 (49.0–61.0) | 51.0 (44.0–57.0 | 39.0 (35.0–45.0) | 36.0 (31.0–41.0) | <0.001 |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 112.0 (92.0–134.0) | 113.0 (93.0–134.0) | 115.0 (94.0–138.0) | 112.0 (93.0–134.0) | 110.0 (89.0–132.0) | 0.012 |
Data are expressed as mean (SD), median (interquartile range), or number (proportion) as appropriate. BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; and Look AHEAD, Action for Health in Diabetes.