Figure 5. Adipocyte developmental and pattern‐forming factors in fat pads.

A through C, Gene expression levels of adipocyte developmental and pattern‐forming factors, including engrailed homeobox 1 (EN1) (A), empty spiracles homeobox 2 (EMX2) (B), and homeobox A5 (HOXA5) (C), in perivascular adipose tissue surrounding the saphenous vein (SV‐PVAT), that surrounding the internal thoracic artery (ITA‐PVAT), that surrounding the coronary artery (CA‐PVAT), and that surrounding the aorta (Ao‐PVAT). Results are shown as relative expression of each target gene in SV‐PVAT of each patient (n=48) and as means±SEM for quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction data. AU indicates arbitrary unit. *P<0.05 vs SV‐PVAT, ^† P<0.05 vs ITA‐PVAT, ^‡ P<0.05 vs CA‐PVAT.