Table 4.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With HFnonrecEF and HFrecEF
| HFnonrecEF (n=26) | HFrecEF (n=46) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 60.8±13.7 | 60.6±14.6 | 0.968 |
| Male sex (%) | 20 (76.9) | 35 (76.1) | 0.936 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.3±4.6 | 24.0±5.5 | 0.548 |
| Hypertension (%) | 7 (26.9) | 26 (56.5) | 0.015 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 7 (26.9) | 13 (28.3) | 0.903 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 8 (30.8) | 20 (43.5) | 0.288 |
| History of smoking (%) | 20 (76.9) | 33 (71.7) | 0.632 |
| NYHA III or IV (%) | 19 (73.1) | 18 (39.1) | 0.006 |
| DROM, U.CARR | 395 [351–478] | 335 [304–392] | 0.004 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 395 [163–680] | 147 [52–287] | 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 54.8±19.2 | 66.4±16.1 | 0.008 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.4±2.1 | 14.5±1.8 | 0.930 |
| Hs‐CRP, mg/dL | 0.26 [0.11–0.36] | 0.05 [0.03–0.21] | 0.002 |
| Hs‐troponinT, ng/L | 26.8 [20.7–40.4] | 13.5 [9.1–30.3] | 0.013 |
| Serum sodium, mEq/L | 137.8±3.1 | 140.4±3.1 | 0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 26.2±8.0 | 30.9±6.0 | 0.011 |
| LVDd, mm | 64.7±9.1 | 55.5±9.8 | <0.001 |
| LAD, mm | 44.8±9.3 | 39.9±8.9 | 0.031 |
| E/e′ | 17.0±7.8 | 14.6±5.4 | 0.135 |
| CCB (%) | 2 (7.7) | 11 (23.9) | 0.077 |
| ACEI or ARB (%) | 20 (76.9) | 39 (84.8) | 0.299 |
| β‐blockers (%) | 20 (76.9) | 37 (80.4) | 0.725 |
| Diuretics (%) | 21 (80.8) | 33 (71.7) | 0.395 |
| Statins (%) | 5 (19.2) | 11 (23.9) | 0.646 |
| Etiology of heart failure | |||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 21 (80.8) | 25 (54.3) | 0.025 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | … |
| Hypertensive heart disease | 0 (0) | 8 (17.4) | 0.022 |
| Cardiac amyloidosis | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 0.361 |
| Cardiac sarcoidosis | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 0.361 |
| Valvular heart diseases | 1 (3.8) | 3 (6.5) | 0.542 |
| Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy | 0 (0) | 4 (8.7) | 0.159 |
| Others | 2 (7.7) | 6 (13.0) | 0.392 |
ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DROM, derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites; E/e′, the ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to tissue Doppler early diastolic mitral annular velocity; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration ratio; HF, heart failure; HFnonrecEF, HF with nonrecovered EF; HFrecEF, HF with recovered EF; Hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; Hs‐troponinT, high‐sensitivity troponin T; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association functional class; and U.CARR, Carratelli unit.