Table 8.

Serum glucose and insulin responses for adult dogs fed diets containing selected fiber/carbohydrate sources¹

Item2	CON	AM	WPM	QU	OG	SEM
Glucose, mmol/L
IAUC, min * mmol/L	207.1	268.1	219.2	282.5	151.9	43.24
RGR3	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.6	0.9	0.25
Time to peak, min	129.8	144.0	130.0	156.7	127.2	25.91
Peak value, mmol/L	1.19	1.46	1.59	1.61	1.12	0.196
Peak area, min * mmol/L	201.8	258.3	197.5	268.7	134.8	44.62
Insulin, pmol/L
IAUC, min * pmol/L	53,115	62,448	82,650	69,205	50,144	11,800.4
RIR3	1.0y	1.4xy	1.8x	1.6xy	1.2xy	0.32
Time to peak, min	179.5	162.0	154.9	178.8	135.3	28.57
Peak value, pmol/L	392.8	380.9	468.2	459.3	334.1	58.87
Peak area, min * p mol/L	52,312	61,199	78,428	73,909	50,249	11,195.3
Insulin:glucose
AUC	14,413xy	16,585xy	18,285x	16,554xy	13,970y	1,889.3
Relative ratio4	1.00	1.19	1.28	1.16	1.01	0.100
IAUC	347.2	327.8	524.7	409.1	629.4	181.13
Relative ratio3	1.00	1.34	0.90	0.87	1.69	0.335
Baseline values
Glucose, mmol/L	90.2	90.0	92.6	89.5	92.9	2.73
Insulin, pmol/L	83.5	93.2	67.8	68.4	77.5	15.00
Ins:Glu	16.6	18.5	13.2	13.6	14.8	2.83

¹CON, control; AM, amaranth; WPM, white proso millet; QU, quinoa; OG, oat groats.

²Only the positive IAUC was used; any area under baseline was ignored.

³ $(\mathrm{I}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{U}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}})/(\mathrm{I}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{U}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}})\times 100\mathrm{\%}.$

⁴ $\left(\mathrm{A}\mathrm{U}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}\right)/\left(\mathrm{A}\mathrm{U}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}}\right)\times 100\mathrm{\%}.$

^x,yMeans in the same row without common letters are different (P < 0.10).