Table 1.
Composition and nutrients of basal diet.
| Ingredients | % | Nutrients | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fish meal | 3.97 | Crude proteind | 31.92 |
| Casein | 28.27 | Crude lipidd | 4.22 |
| Gelatin | 7.00 | n-3 Fattye | 1.04 |
| α-starch | 24.00 | n-6 Fattye | 0.96 |
| Corn starch | 18.72 | Available phosphorusf | 0.84 |
| Fish oil | 2.63 | ||
| Soybean oil | 1.80 | ||
| Microcrystalline cellulose | 5.00 | ||
| Ca(H2PO4)2 | 3.30 | ||
| Choline-free vitamin premixa | 1.00 | ||
| Mineral premixb | 2.00 | ||
| Choline chloride premixc | 2.00 | ||
| DL-Met (99%) | 0.26 | ||
| Ethoxyquin (30%) | 0.05 |
Per kilogram of choline-free vitamin premix (g kg−1): retinyl acetate (1,000,000 IU g−1), 0.400; cholecalciferol (500,000 IU g−1), 0.320; DL-a-tocopherol acetate (50%), 40.000; menadione (96%), 0.198; cyanocobalamin (1%), 0.940; D-biotin (2%), 0.750; folic acid (95%), 0.379; thiamine nitrate (98%), 0.133; ascorbyl acetate (95%), 4.737; niacin (99%), 2.576; meso-inositol (97%), 22.062; calcium-D-pantothenate (90%), 2.778; riboflavin (80%), 0.775; pyridoxine hydrochloride (98%), 0.115. All ingredients were diluted with cornstarch to 1 kg.
Per kilogram of mineral premix (g kg−1): MnSO4·H2O (31.8% Mn), 3.098; MgSO4·H2O (15.0% Mg), 237.840; FeSO4·H2O (30.0% Fe), 15.000; ZnSO4·H2O (34.5% Zn), 7.860; CuSO4·5H2O (25.0% Cu), 0.600; CaI2 (3.2% I), 1.560; Na2SeO3 (44.7% Se), 0.132. All ingredients were diluted with corn starch to 1 kg.
Per kilogram of choline chloride premix (g/kg): premix was added to obtain the graded level of choline. Each choline chloride mixture was diluted with cornstarch to 1 kg referenced to Wu et al. (23).
Crude protein and crude lipid contents were measured values.
n-3 and n-6 were calculated by NRC (2011) contents referenced to Zeng et al. (24).
Available phosphorus were calculated according to NRC (2011).