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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: Socius. 2019 Jul 29;5:1–14. doi: 10.1177/2378023119860277

Table 1.

Descriptive Overview of Mean State-Level Childcare and School-Aged Care Characteristics, Averaged across 2011 to 2015.

Individual-level Measure
State-level Measure
State Full-time Employment (%) Part-time Employment (%) Not in the Labor Force (%) Mean Childcare Time Average Childcare Costa School Day Length

Alabama 50.0 17.0 33.0 83.4 7.55 7.03
Alaska 52.6 24.2 23.2 88.8 10.64 6.48
Arizona 43.5 17.6 38.9 75.5 12.55 6.43
Arkansas 52.2 15.5 32.3 88.6 8.73 6.89
California 40.2 20.0 39.8 88.9 14.64 6.24
Colorado 44.9 24.7 30.4 97.9 13.45 7.01
Connecticut 43.8 25.6 30.6 111.8 12.00 6.47
Delaware 65.1 15.1 19.8 83.7 12.09 6.68
District of Columbia 53.4 18.6 28.0 107.3 11.36 6.91
Florida 51.6 18.3 30.1 88.8 10.82 6.43
Georgia 47.7 18.8 33.5 80.2 9.18 6.79
Hawaii 47.4 21.5 31.1 98.5 13.18 6.26
Idaho 35.7 26.0 38.3 92.0 11.18 6.63
Illinois 48.3 22.0 29.7 96.8 14.00 6.50
Indiana 49.5 22.2 28.3 92.5 12.27 6.77
Iowa 55.8 21.1 23.1 92.9 11.18 6.85
Kansas 52.4 20.1 27.5 101.9 12.36 6.98
Kentucky 47.3 17.0 35.7 90.3 8.82 6.69
Louisiana 49.8 18.4 31.8 83.0 7.45 7.08
Maine 53.4 21.4 25.2 96.0 12.64 6.47
Maryland 55.7 19.2 25.1 91.7 11.55 6.59
Massachusetts 43.6 28.6 27.8 101.4 15.55 6.45
Michigan 46.4 23.9 29.7 97.5 11.82 6.56
Minnesota 52.1 26.3 21.6 92.9 15.45 6.28
Mississippi 49.8 16.9 33.3 70.0 7.45 6.99
Missouri 53.0 19.8 27.2 88.9 10.27 6.70
Montana 54.4 19.4 26.2 93.5 12.36 6.79
Nebraska 59.8 20.0 20.2 96.3 10.36 6.92
Nevada 43.3 18.8 37.9 87.8 13.09 6.30
New Hampshire 50.5 23.7 25.8 107.4 11.18 6.54
New Jersey 47.1 23.2 29.7 99.9 10.18 6.44
New Mexico 42.6 20.5 36.9 79.5 11.18 6.85
New York 44.8 21.6 33.6 103.0 15.91 6.59
North Carolina 47.0 18.4 34.6 88.1 11.91 6.75
North Dakota 67.4 15.7 16.9 82.4 9.91 6.58
Ohio 47.1 23.9 29.0 90.7 10.00 6.61
Oklahoma 51.1 18.3 30.6 78.9 10.91 6.63
Oregon 42.7 25.0 32.3 86.5 14.45 6.57
Pennsylvania 46.0 24.2 29.8 101.1 14.27 6.43
Rhode Island 45.1 25.4 29.5 90.5 12.73 6.27
South Carolina 52.6 17.4 30.0 74.3 8.18 6.92
South Dakota 55.4 25.6 19.0 90.7 8.55 6.83
Tennessee 50.0 17.2 32.8 96.8 9.36 7.03
Texas 48.0 16.3 35.7 87.8 10.91 7.17
Utah 36.3 30.0 33.7 97.3 10.64 6.28
Vermont 59.3 15.3 25.4 103.4 11.64 6.66
Virginia 53.2 17.6 29.2 100.9 10.91 6.62
Washington 42.6 23.4 34.0 92.1 13.73 6.22
West Virginia 43.6 17.7 38.7 113.2 12.18 6.87
Wisconsin 52.0 26.1 21.9 92.5 14.82 6.91
Wyoming 58.4 15.3 26.3 78.6 10.55 6.86

Source: Childcare Aware of America, Afterschool Alliance, Education Commission of the States, American Time Use Survey.

a

As a percentage of median married couples’ income; averaged across 2011 to 2015.