Table 2.
Keywords employed for topic detection.
| Topic | Keywords by language |
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English | German | French | Spanish | Italian | Russian |
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| COVID-19 |
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coronavirus | coronavirus | coronavirus | coronavirus | coronavirus | коронавирус |
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covid | covid | covid | covid | covid | covid ковид |
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lockdown | lockdown | lockdown couvre-feu |
lockdown confinamiento |
lockdown contenimento |
lockdown локдаун |
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quarantine | quarantäne | quarantaine | cuarantena | quarantena | карантин |
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pandemic | pandemie | pandémie | pandemia | pandemia | пандемиа |
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N/Aa | corona- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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| Merkel | merkel | merkel | merkel | merkel | merkel | merkel меркел |
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| Trump | trump | trump | trump | trump | trump | trump трамп |
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| Biden | biden | biden | biden | biden | biden | biden байден |
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| Johnson | boris johnson | boris johnson | boris johnson | boris johnson | boris johnson | boris johnson борис джонсон |
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| Putin | putin | putin | putin | putin | putin | putin путин |
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| Climate |
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global warming | —b | — | — | — | — |
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climate change | — | — | — | — | — |
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climate crisis | — | — | — | — | — |
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| Cat |
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cat | — | — | — | — | — |
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kitten | — | — | — | — | — |
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| Sport |
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baseball | — | — | — | — | — |
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major league | — | — | — | — | — |
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champion's league | — | — | — | — | — |
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football | — | — | — | — | — |
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nfl | — | — | — | — | — |
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premier league | — | — | — | — | — |
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basketball | — | — | — | — | — |
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soccer | — | — | — | — | — |
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nba | — | — | — | — | — |
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| Cancer | cancer | — | — | — | — | — |
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aN/A: not applicable; this keyword, which is specific to the German language because of its compound nature, was only found in German news sources.
bThe topics climate, cat, sport, and cancer were not identified in non–English-language online news sources, as these were solely employed for sentiment analysis.