Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients with COPD tested for COVID-19.
| COVID negative | COVID positive | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 26522 | 1288 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Male Sex (%) | 10947 (41.3) | 499 (38.8) | 0.079 |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Black | 5074 (19.3) | 455 (35.8) | |
| Other | 526 (2.0) | 45 (3.5) | |
| White | 19689 (75.1) | 690 (54.3) | |
| Hispanic | 935 (3.6) | 81 (6.4) | |
| Age (in years) (mean (SD)) | 64.8 (13.9) | 63.7 (15.2) | 0.007 |
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 30.4 (8.2) | 32.0 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||
| Current | 4625 (18.0) | 115 (9.2) | |
| Former | 20917 (81.0) | 1126 (89.2) | |
| Never | 104 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| Asthma | 6957 (26.2) | 379 (29.4) | 0.012 |
| Congestive heart failure | 6571 (24.8) | 328 (25.5) | 0.598 |
| Hypertension | 19997 (75.4) | 971 (75.4) | 1 |
| Diabetes | 14429 (54.4) | 723 (56.1) | 0.235 |
| Obesity | 11974 (45.3) | 676 (52.7) | <0.001 |
| Medications (%) | |||
| Short acting beta agonist | 22460 (84.7) | 1104 (85.7) | 0.335 |
| ICS alone | 847 (3.4) | 69 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| LABA/ICS | 7555 (28.5) | 344 (26.7) | 0.18 |
| LAMA | 4871 (18.4) | 190 (14.8) | 0.001 |
| LAMA/LABA | 1584 (6.0) | 63 (4.9) | 0.122 |
| LABA | 1114 (4.2) | 48 (3.7) | 0.448 |
| ICS/LAMA/LABA | 4061 (15.3) | 155 (12.0) | 0.002 |
| Inhaled corticosteroid containing inhaler | 12511 (47.2) | 568 (44.1) | 0.033 |
| Oral corticosteroids | 20736 (78.2) | 988 (76.7) | 0.224 |
| Beta blocker | 17851 (67.3) | 809 (62.8) | 0.001 |
| ACE Inhibitor | 12422 (46.8) | 609 (47.3) | 0.776 |
| ARB | 7533 (28.4) | 387 (30.0) | 0.213 |
Data are presented as n (%) for categorical variables and mean [SD] for continuous variables. ICS = Inhaled corticosteroid, SABA = short acting beta agonist, SAMA = short acting muscarinic antagonist, LAMA = long acting muscarinic antagonist, LABA = long acting beta agonist. SAMA/SABA combination also included usage of nebulizer therapy. Inhaled corticosteroid containing inhaler represents any inhaler an ICS component, which include ICS, ICS/LABA, and ICS/LAMA/LABA combinations. Oral corticosteroids represent at least one course of steroids within the past year (prior to registry enrollment).