Table 3. Multivariable-adjusted associations between sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to conversion therapy or Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts (SOGIECE), among sexual and gender minority Canadian men, 2019.
| Variable | Conversion Therapy aRR (95% CI) | SOGIECE aRR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Sexual identity | ||
| Gay | 1.34 (1.10, 1.62) | 1.21 (1.08, 1.36) |
| Other | Referent | Referent |
| Gender identity | ||
| Non-binary | 1.39 (1.01, 1.92) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.26) |
| Other | 0.89 (0.47, 1.70) | 0.91 (0.65, 1.27) |
| Male | Referent | Referent |
| Transgender status | ||
| Transgender | 2.07 (1.64, 2.60) | 2.72 (2.41, 3.07) |
| Cisgender | Referent | Referent |
| Age (at time of survey) | ||
| < 20 | 0.71 (0.46, 1.10) | 2.09 (1.59, 2.74) |
| 20–29 | 0.69 (0.52, 0.90) | 1.57 (1.26, 1.96) |
| 30–39 | 0.86 (0.66, 1.13) | 1.35 (1.08, 1.69) |
| 40–49 | 1.00 (0.75, 1.33) | 1.39 (1.10, 1.76) |
| 50–59 | 0.96 (0.72, 1.27) | 1.31 (1.03, 1.66) |
| 60+ | Referent | Referent |
| “Out” about sexuality | ||
| Out | 1.34 (1.11, 1.63) | 1.35 (1.20, 1.51) |
| Not out | Referent | Referent |
| Race/Ethnicitya | ||
| Indigenous | 1.33 (1.03, 1.73) | 1.20 (1.02, 1.41) |
| POC | 1.64 (1.33, 2.03) | 1.64 (1.44, 1.87) |
| White | Referent | Referent |
| Educational attainment | ||
| < College/university degree | 0.97 (0.82, 1.14) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.11) |
| College/university degree | Referent | Referent |
| Personal income, CAD | ||
| < $30,000 | 1.99 (1.65, 2.39) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.34) |
| $30,000 to $59,999 | 1.36 (1.12, 1.64) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.23) |
| ≥ $60,000 | Referent | Referent |
| Area of residence | ||
| Rural | 1.29 (0.95, 1.75) | 1.08 (0.87, 1.33) |
| Suburban | 1.14 (0.97, 1.34) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) |
| Urban | Referent | Referent |
| Immigration status | ||
| Immigrant | 1.28 (1.13, 1.68) | 1.28 (1.13, 1.46) |
| Canadian-born | Referent | Referent |
Note: N = 9,214; CI, confidence interval; aRR, adjusted relative risk comparing prevalence of conversion therapy or sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts (SOGIECE) exposure to that of referent group (adjusted for all variables shown in table); SN2019, Sex Now 2019.
a Participants were given the option to select multiple racial/ethnic identities; owing to collinearity, identities were categorized as follows for multivariable modeling: Indigenous = any Indigenous identity, including those who are Indigenous and identified with another ethnic/racial category; People of colour (POC) = any identity other than Indigenous and white, including those who are POC and identified with the white category (i.e., multiethnic/multiracial respondents).