TABLE 3.
Online training
| Author | Nathan &Gorman classification | Sample size | Training topic | Amount of training | Comparison groups | Follow-up | Role of consultation | Outcome measure domains |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooper et al. (2017) | 1 | N = 156 therapists | CBT for eating disorders | ~8–9 hr online training | 2: independent training; support with nonspecialist worker | 6 months | Support Condition Only: 12 30-min phone calls over 20 weeks | K, S |
| Dimeff et al. (2011) | 1 | N = 132 participants | Distress Tolerance DBT module | 2.5 hr (timed with proctors present) | 3; self-study; e-learning course; placebo attention control e-learning course | 2-, 7-, 11-, 15-week | None | C, K, P, Sat |
| Dimeff et al. (2015) | 1 | N = 172 license mental health professionals | DBT Core Strategies |
Online: ~12 hr In-Person: 12 hr |
2; online; in-person | 3 months | None | C, K, P, S, Sat |
| Ehrenreich-May et al. (2016) | 1 | N = 140 community clinicians | CBT for anxiety/panic disorders | 7 hr online training | 3; text-alone; text + online training; text + online + learning community | 3 months | 8 weekly calls for learning community | C, I, K, P, S, Sat |
| Harned et al. (2014) | 1 | N = 181 mental health providers & students in mental health field | Exposure therapy for anxiety disorders | ~10 hr online training | 3; online training, online + ME; online + ME + online learning community | 3 months | Integrated into last 3 weeks of learning community | A, K, P, S, Sat |
| Ruzek et al. (2014) | 1 | N = 168 clinicians | CBT for PTSD | ~4 hr online training | 3; web-based training; web-based training + consultation; no-training control | None | 6 weekly 45–60 min group calls | C, K, P, S |
| Bennett-Levy et al. (2012) | 2 | N = 49 participants | CBT | 12-weeks | 2; online only; online + telephone/Skype support | 4 weeks | Biweekly 15-min support sessions over 12 weeks | C, K, P, S |
| Harned et al. (2011) | 2 | N = 46 mental health providers | Exposure therapy for anxiety disorders | ~2 hr online training | 3; online training; online training + MI; placebo control online training | None | None | A, C, K, P, Sat |
| Rakovshik et al. (2016) | 2 | N = 61 clinicians | CBT for anxiety | 20-hr online CBT training program | 3; internet-based training with consultation worksheet; internet + supervision; delayed control | None | 3 30-min individual supervision sessions once per month | S |
| Stein et al. (2015) | 2 | N = 36 clinicians; N = 136 patients | Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy for bipolar disorder | Online: 12-hr asynchronous online program + learning collaborative; TAU: 12-hr in-person training | 2; Online training; TAU (in- person training) | Monthly follow-up for 12 months posttraining | Online: Monthly 60 min group phone supervision for 3–6 months after training; TAU: onsite supervision as usual; able to contact experts | P |
| Fairburn, Allen, Bailey- Straebler, O’Connor, and Cooper (2017) | 3 | N = 102 therapists | CBT for eating disorders | 9 hr minimum online training | None | None | Up to 12 30-min calls | S |
| Gryglewicz et al. (2016) | 3 | N = 178 participants | QPRT suicide risk assessment and management training | 8–12 hr (within 4 weeks) | None | None | None | A, C, K, Sat |
| Jones et al. (2015) | 3 | N = 78 therapists; N =71 youth | CBT for anxious youth | 20-session, weekly group supervision training model with didactic component | None | None | 20-session weekly group seminar included didactics and supervision | Cl, K |
| Kobak, Lipsitz, et al. (2017) | 3 | N =26 clinicians | Interpersonal therapy for depression | 3–4 hr web-based tutorial | None | 1–3 months after applied training | 45–60 min live remote training (role play) via videoconference with feedback; web-based training portal allowed option to request case consultation | K, Sat |
| Kobak, Wolitzky- Taylor, et al. (2017) | 3 | N = 10 community clinicians; N= 33 patients | CBT for anxiety disorders | Online training time not reported | None | Post-live applied training | 4 60-min remote live training sessions with feedback | Cl, K, S, Sat |
| Kobak et al. (2013) | 3 | N = 39 social workers, psychologists, and graduate students | CBT for anxiety disorders | ~5.5 hr online training; 3 hr live feedback | None | None | None | K, S, Sat |
| Mallonee et al. (2018) | 3 | N = 706 mental health professionals (pre) N = 780 (post) | CBT for PTSD, depression, insomnia, pain, suicidality | Online training time not reported; 2 days in person | 2; in-person; online ”3D” training | None | None | K, Sat. |
| Martin, Gladstone, Diehl, and Beardslee (2016) | 3 | N = 58 clinicians | Family Talk prevention intervention for depression | 4-hr web- based + 3.5 hr face-to-face | None | 4-months | None | P, Sat |
| Persons et al. (2016) | 3 | N =26 clinicians | Progress Monitoring | 60-min orientation + 4 1.5 hr online classes | None | 1 year | Listserv | P |
| Puspitasari, Kanter, Murphy, Crowe, and Koerner (2013) | 3 | Study 1: N = 8 participants; Study 2: N =9 participants | Behavioral Activation | Not specified (“self-paced”) | None | Study 2 only: 6-week follow-up | Studies 1 + 2:3 live 90-min online training sessions | Study 1: P, Sat; Study 2: C, P, S, Sat |
Abbreviations: A, attitudes; C, confidence (self-efficacy); CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; Cl, clinical outcome; DBT, dialectical behavior therapy; F, treatment fidelity or adherence; I, implementation difficulty or barrier—anticipated or actual; Int, intentions; K, knowledge; MI, motivational interviewing; P, practices or techniques used; PF, psychological flexibility; QPRT, Question, Persuade, Refer, Treat; S, skills/competence; Sat, satisfaction/acceptability; T, therapeutic interaction/rapport/working alliance; TAU, training as usual.