TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants in Experiment 1A
| Deaf native signers n = 29 |
Deaf CI users n = 11 |
Hearing controls n = 31 |
F/X2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | .94 | .39 | |||
| Mean yr;mo | 9;06 | 9;09 | 9;03 | ||
| (SD) | (1;09) | (1;11) | (1;04) | ||
| Range | 7;01–12;10 | 7;04–12;10 | 7;0–12;11 | ||
| Sex (f: m) | 19: 10 | 4: 7 | 16: 15 | 3.01 | .22 |
| Hearing status | Severe or profound congenital deafness | Severe or profound congenital deafness | No known hearing impairment | n/a | n/a |
| Language experience | Exposure to sign language at home from birth and at school; variable speech emphasis at home and school. | Little accessible language input prior to cochlear implant; listening and spoken language emphasis at home and school. | Exposure to spoken language from birth. | n/a | n/a |
| Age of CIa: | (4 of 29) | (11 of 11) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Mean yr;mo | 1;10 | 1;04 | |||
| (SD) | (0;04) | (0;09) | |||
| Range | l;07–2;03 | 0;08–2;10 | |||
| Primary caregiver education levelb | I: 1 | I: 0 | I: 0 | – | .96 |
| II: 2 | II: 1 | II: 1 | |||
| III: 6 | III: 2 | III: 6 | |||
| IV: 8 | IV: 3 | IV: 9 | |||
| V: 14 | V: 5 | V: 14 | |||
| VI: 0 | VI: 0 | VI: 1 |
a
Only 4/29 (14%) of the Deaf native signers received a cochlear implant; they are included with the other Deaf native signers rather than with the CI users because they were exposed to ASL from birth.
b
Education level: I = less than high school, II = high school or GED, III = some college or associate’s degree; IV = bachelors degree; V = some graduate school or advanced degree. VI: Not reported.