Table 2.
Odds ratios of neonatal outcomes by OSA status, controlling for newborns born to the same mother during the study period including twin/multiple gestations.
| Outcomes | Crude OR or β (95% confidence interval) | OR or β (95% CI), fully adjustedc |
|---|---|---|
| Admitted to NICU | 3.87 (3.45–4.33) | 1.92 (1.69–2.19) |
| Admitted to special care nursery (intermediate or intensive care) | 3.41 (3.08–3.78) | 1.73 (1.54–1.94) |
| Preterm birth | 3.07 (2.73–3.45) | 1.48 (1.29–1.69) |
| Resuscitation at birth | 5.75 (2.86–11.5) | 2.76 (1.33–5.72) |
| Intubation at birth | 3.30 (2.88–3.79) | 1.63 (1.39–1.90) |
| Birth trauma | 0.76 (0.24–2.36) | 0.53 (0.17–1.65) |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 2.49 (1.44–4.31) | 0.98 (0.56–1.73) |
| Total length of stay (days)a | 4.31 (3.56–5.05) | 2.11 (1.39–2.83) |
| Birthweight (grams)a | −136 (−90 to −183) | −48 (−7 to −90) |
| Gestational age at birth (completed weeks) N = 1,190,758a,b | −1.4 (−1.2 to −1.5) | −0.5 (−0.3 to −0.6) |
| 5-min Apgar scorea | −0.3 (−0.3 to −0.4) | −0.2 (−0.1 to −0.2) |
| Small for gestational age (<10% tile at birth) N = 1,182,151b | 1.16 (0.99–1.35) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) |
| Small for gestational age (<10% tile at birth) excluding multiples N = 1,125,497b | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) |
| Large for gestational age (>90%tile at birth) N = 1,182,151b | 1.69 (1.36–1.85) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) |
OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; DM: diabetes mellitus. NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit.
a
Models adjusted for maternal obesity, race, age, multiple gestation, pre-pregnancy DM, gestational DM, pre-pregnancy HTN, gestational HTN, preeclampsia, tobacco use, alcohol use, and drug use.
b
N corresponds to the number of newborns with available gestational age data.
c
Models adjusted for maternal obesity, race, age, multiple gestation, pre-pregnancy diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-pregnancy hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, tobacco use, alcohol use, and drug use.