Table 4.
Comparison between success and failure of HFNC (univariate analysis).
| Non intubated patients (n = 29) | Intubated patients (n = 14) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | Male gender, n (%) | 22 (76) | 9 (64.3) | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 61 (50–69) | 65 (56–73) | ||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 18 (62) | 13 (92.9) | 0.23 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 | 0 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (3.4) | 0 | ||
| Immunocompromised patients | 2 (6.9) | 1 (7) | ||
| Chronic heart failure | 2 (6.9) | 3 (21.4) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (10.3) | 6 (42.8) | 0.04 | |
| Respiratory disease | 8 (27.6) | 5 (35.7) | ||
| Hypertension | 15 (51.7) | 10 (71.4) | ||
| BMI median (IQR) | 27.8 (24.7–30.8) | 28.4 (26.9–31.5) | ||
| ≥ 30, n (%) | 9 (31) | 5 (35.7) | ||
| < 30, n (%) | 20 (69) | 9 (64.3) | ||
| Viral characteristics | Duration of symptoms before ICU admission (days), median (IQR) | 9 (7–11) | 8 (5–15) | 0.73 |
| Length of hospital stay before ICU admission (days), median (IQR) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–3) | ||
| Chest computed tomographya | ||||
| Extensive lesions, n (%) | 0.023 | |||
| < 25% | 13(52) | 0 | 0.012 | |
| [25–50]% | 7 (28) | 5 (62) | ||
| [51–75]% | 4 (16) | 2 (25) | ||
| >75% | 1 (4) | 1 (12.5) | ||
| At ICU admission (D1) | SAPS II, median (IQR) | 27 (22–31) | 39 (28–50) | 0.0031 |
| SOFA score D1b, median (IQR) | 2 (2–2.2) | 5 (2–8) | 0.0019 | |
| Respiratory ratec, median (IQR) | 24 (20–27) | 24 (21–28) | ||
| Flow (L/min)§, median (IQR) | 50 (40–50) | |||
| FiO2, median (IQR) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.8 (0.8–1) | 0.0001 | |
| PaO2 (mmHg), median (IQR) | 72.8 (65.3–84) | 63 (55–73) | 0.04 | |
| PaO2/FiO2d, median (IQR) | 178 (126–206) | 98 (63–109) | 0.0005 | |
| Outcome at D28 | Hemodynamic failure, n (%) | 0 | 13 (93.9) | 0.002 |
| Kidney failure, n (%) | 2 (6.9) | 5 (36) | 0.026 | |
| Lowest PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg), median (IQR) | 131 (85–180) | |||
| Length of ICU stay (days) before lowest PaO2/FiO2, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | |||
| Flow (L/min) of HFNC at lowest PaO2/FiO2, median (IQR) | 50 (47–50) | |||
| FiO2 of HFNC at lowest PaO2/FiO2, median (IQR) | 0.55 (0.50–0.65) | |||
| PaO2/FiO2 before MV, median (IQR) | 85 (66–143) | |||
| Length of ICU stay and MV (days) median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | |||
| Prone position, n (%) | 9 (64.3) | |||
| Nitric oxide, n (%) | 0 | 2 (15) | ||
| Duration of sedation (days) median (IQR) | 12 (11–15) | |||
| Duration of curare (days) median (IQR) | 5 (2–9) | |||
| Duration of MV (days)e, median (IQR) | 17 (14–26) | |||
| Length of ICU stay (days)e, median (IQR) | 6 (3–8) | 28 (19–28) | 0.00001 | |
| Still in ICU, n (%) | 0 | 4 (28) | ||
| Still in hospital, n No (%)f | 16 (55.2) | 7 (100) | ||
| Mortality in ICU, n (%) | 0 | 3 (21.4) | 0.013 | |
| Mortality in hospital, n (%) | 0 | 3 (21.4) |
BMI: body mass index; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; HFNC: High Flow Nasal Cannula; MV: Mechanical Ventilation.
Data are available for 25 of 29 patients in the non-intubated group and for 8 of 14 patients in the intubated group.
Data are available for 28 of 29 patients in the non-intubated group and for 13 of 14 patients in the intubated group.
Data are available for 26 of 29 patients in the non-intubated group and for 12 of 14 patients in the intubated group.
Data are available for 13 of 14 patients in the intubated group.
Among 11 patients still alive in the intubated group: length of ICU stay (days) 23.6 (5.3); length of hospital stay (days) 28; duration of mechanical ventilation (days) 19 (6.7).
Among 23 patients discharged from ICU in the non-intubated group and 7 patients alive and discharged from ICU.