Table 1.

Summary of intestinal microorganism modulating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs

Bacteria	Chemotherapeutic agent	Interaction mechanism	Reference
Lactobacillus species	Cyclophosphamide	Promoted Th17 and Th1 cell response during cyclophosphamide treatment	Viaud et al. (2013)
Segmented filamentous bacteria
Enterococcus hirae	Cyclophosphamide	Associated with increased CD8/ Treg ratio	Daillere et al. (2016)
Barnesiella intestinihominis		Infiltration of interferon-g-producing gd-T cells
Escherichia coli	5-FU	Distribution of bacterial deoxynucleotide pools regulates the effect of 5-FU	Scott et al. (2017)
Fusobacterium nucleatum	5-FU	Modulation autophagy pathway and inhibit tumor cell apoptosis	Yu et al. (2017)
	Oxaliplatin
Gammaproteobacteria	Gemcitabine	Gemcitabine was converted into an inactivated form by long isoform of cytidine deaminase	Geller et al. (2017)
β-glucuronidase producers	Irinotecan	Converting inactivated irinotecan into the active form, SN-38	Kodawara et al. (2016)
	Ciprofloxacin	Involved in the activation of ciprofloxacin	Alexander et al. (2017);Wallace et al. (2010)