Table 3.
Baseline clinical parameters and Laboratory studies at presentation
| Variables | Total | Survivors | Non-survivors | Sig* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRP mg/L, mean (SD) | 114.19 (91.26) | 90.64 (82.18) | 150.27 (93) | P < 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte 109/L, mean (SD) | 1.37 (4.56) | 1.35 (3.8) | 1.39 (5.5) | P 0.93 |
| Neutrophil 109/L, mean (SD) | 6.88 (4.8) | 6.29 (4.3) | 7.84 (5.42) | P < 0.001 |
| NLR, mean (SD) | 12.56 (24.5) | 10.62 (27.86) | 15.65 (17.72) | p 0.03 |
| Urea mmol/L, mean (SD) | 9.88 (8.92) | 8.06 (7.98) | 12.71 (9.58) | P < 0.001 |
| Creatinine umol/L, mean (SD) | 114 .65 (107.8) | 100.89 (93.31) | 136.05 (124.40) | P 0.001 |
| Chest X-Ray, n (%)Not done | 28 (5.6%) | |||
| Normal | 140 (29.7) | 103 (36) | 37 (19.9) | |
| Moderate changes | 317 (67.2) | 177 (61.9) | 140 (75.3) | P < 0.001 |
| Severe changes | 15 (3.2) | 6 (2.1) | 9 (4.8) | |
| CT Scan Not done, n (%) | 397 (79.4%) | |||
| Covid changes | 103 (20.6%) | |||
| Blood cultures, n (%) | p 0.65 | |||
| Gram positive | 34 (6.8%) | 16 (11.2) | 18 (14.8) | |
| Gram negative | 10 (2.0%) | 6 (4.2) | 4 (3.3) | |
| No growth | 221 (83.4) | 121 (84.6) | 100 (82) | |
| Not done | 235 (47) | |||
| Oxygen requirement, n (%) | 346 (69.3) | 165 (53.9) | 181 (93.8) | P < 0.001 |
| CPAP | 56 (11.2%) | 36 (11.7) | 20 (10.4) | p 0.64 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 64 (12.8%) | 36 (11.7) | 28 (14.5) | p 0.37 |
| Length of stay, mean (SD) | 9.33 (12.17) | 9.51 (14.01) | 9.05 (8.5) | p 0.68 |
| Total IMV days, mean (SD) | 14.5 (12.31) | 17.62 (14) | 10.60 (8.55) | p 0.02 |
| SFR, mean (SD) | 383.65 (106.81) | 413.08 (76.68) | 336.82 (129.19) | P < 0.001 |
| Baseline Fio2, mean (SD) | 0.46 (4.19) | 0.54 (5.53) | 0.35 (0.23) | p 0.62 |
| Baseline S02, mean (SD) | 91.92 (8.61) | 93.29 (8.08) | 89.75 (9) | P < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, mean (SD) | 25.75 (8.29) | 24.29 (7.44) | 28.07 (9.03) | P < 0.001 |
*Results ≤ 0.05 are significant by either independent sample t test, Mann–Whitney test for CFS and Chi-square test for categorical variables
CRP C-reactive protein, NLR Neutrophil Lymphocyte ratio, CXR chest X-Ray, CXR 1 Normal, CXR 2 Classic/Moderate, CXR 3 severe COVID changes, CT computer tomography, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, SFR SPO2 to FiO2 ratio, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, S02 saturation of oxygen