Extended Data Fig. 5. Characteristics of Bos taurus mtDNA sequences and genome.

a, C-to-T substitutions at the 5′ end and read length distributions of mtDNA sequences mapping specifically to the mtDNA references of Homo sapiens, Bos taurus, Capra hircus and Oryctolagus cuniculus. Note that a single-end 75-cycle chemistry kit was used for the retrieval of the reported sequencing reads and, therefore, DNA fragments of length 76 bp or above have not been sequenced at their full length and are binned here together. b, Maximum parsimony tree of 35 present-day and ancient cattle mtDNAs and the Bos taurus mtDNA reconstructed from the deep shotgun sequencing of the DNA extracted from the Zlatý kůň petrous bone. Cattle haplogroups are listed on the right side of the tree.