Table 2.

Postoperative outcomes

Outcomes	All (n=683)	No IOHP (n=161)	IOHP (n=522)
Patients transfused on the day of surgery	56 (8.2%)	20 (12.4%)	36 (6.9%)
Patients transfused perioperatively	114 (16.7%)	36 (22.4%)	78 (14.9%)
Perioperative transfusions among patients transfused	2 [1–3]	2 [1–4]	2 [1–3]
Intraoperative bleeding, mL	500 [250–800]	300 [200–700]*	500 [300–800]
Length of stay, days	7 [5–9]	7 [6–10]	7 [5–9]
Patients with ≥ 1 severe complication (Clavien–Dindo III, IV, V)25	95 (13.9%)	23 (14.3%)	72 (13.7%)
Liver failure, any grade26	29 (4.2%)	9 (5.6%)	20 (3.8%)
Postoperative 90-day mortality	10 (1.5%)	3 (1.9%)	7 (1.3%)
1-year mortality, all causes†	51 (8.3%)	15 (9.5%)	36 (7.5%)
Median (95% CI)‡ overall survival, years	4.8 (4.3 to 5.7)	4.6 (3.8 to 6.0)	5.1 (4.2 to 6.2)

Continuous variables are reported as median [IQR] as indicated.

*3 missing values

^†Based on 608 non-duplicated patients in the whole cohort, 158 in the no IOHP group and 482 in the IOHP group (groups do not sum up because some patients had two surgeries in each group)

^‡By Kaplan–Meier with 95% CIs

CI = confidence interval; IOHP = intraoperative hypovolemic phlebotomy; IQR = interquartile range.