Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of participants with and without diabetes in the miRs substudy.
| Controls | All Type 1 diabetes | Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | Diabetes duration (years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 18 | ≥ 18 | < 16 | ≥ 16 | |||
| n (% men) | 211 (46) | 305 (44) | 219 (45) | 86 (47) | 189 (44) | 116 (46) |
| Age (years) | 35 ± 16 | 30 ± 16* | 24 ± 13 | 45 ± 13** | 22 ± 11 | 43 ± 14*** |
| Type 1 diabetes duration (years) | – | 15 ± 12 | 15 ± 12 | 15 ± 11 | 8 ± 4 | 27 ± 10*** |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 8.4 ± 1.6* | 8.5 ± 1.6 | 7.9 ± 1.3 | 8.5 ± 1.7 | 8.1 ± 1.4*** |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 32 ± 4 | 68 ± 17* | 70 ± 18 | 63 ± 14** | 70 ± 18 | 65 ± 15 |
| At HbA1c target (%)a | – | 20 | 21 | 18 | 19 | 21 |
| Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 1.0* | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.9** | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 1.0 |
| HDL –C (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4** | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.5*** |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.9* | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 4.5 | 25.2 ± 5.0 | 24.8 ± 5.2 | 26.4 ± 4.1** | 24.2 ± 4.2 | 26.9 ± 5.7 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121 ± 15 | 119 ± 17 | 116 ± 17 | 126 ± 18** | 112 ± 13 | 131 ± 18*** |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 69 ± 10 | 67 ± 10* | 65 ± 10 | 70 ± 9** | 64 ± 9 | 72 ± 9*** |
| Pulse Pressure (mmHg) | 52 ± 9 | 57 ± 11* | 57 ± 11 | 56 ± 13 | 52 ± 7 | 59 ± 13*** |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 80 (70, 84.5) | 80 (70, 90) | 80 (70, 90) | 80 (70, 90) | 78 (66, 84) | 90 (73, 100)*** |
| ACR (mg/mmol) | 0.48 (0.32, 0.80) | 0.73 (0.40, 1.60)* | 0.75 (0.46, 1.69) | 0.68 (0.35, 1.60) | 0.69 (0.40, 1.30) | 0.90 (0.45, 2.63)*** |
| eGFR (ml/min/m2) | 106 (92, 120) | 104 (81, 131) | 108 (82, 134) | 100 (84, 124) | 123 (96, 139) | 97 (72, 117)*** |
| Complications n (%) | – | 103 (34) | 83 (38) | 18 (23)** | 49 (26) | 51 (47)*** |
| Retinopathy n (%) | – | 69 (23) | 51 (23) | 16 (20) | 24 (13) | 43 (39)*** |
| Nephropathy n (%) | – | 72 (24) | 59 (27) | 15 (19) | 35 (18) | 39 (36)*** |
| CVD n (%) | – | 20 (7) | 11 (5) | 6 (8) | 3 (1) | 10 (9)*** |
Data shown: mean ± SD or median (LQ, UQ).
*p < 0.05 versus Controls (CON).
**p < 0.05 versus Age at diabetes diagnosis < 18 years.
***p < 0.05 versus diabetes duration < 16 years.
aHbA1c target: ≤ 7% (53 mmol/mol) for adults, ≤ 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) for adolescents.