Table 3.
Arterial elasticity, myocardial deformation, endothelial function, and ventricular-arterial coupling progression after 1 month of switching from tobacco cigarette smoking to heat-not-burn product puffing (n = 50) compared to tobacco cigarette smokers (n = 25).
| Group | Baseline | One month | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg) | HNBC | 76.9 ± 2.4 | 77.1 ± 1.9 | 0.7 |
| Tcig | 80.9 ± 3.4 | 80.5 ± 3.5 | 0.8 | |
| PWV (m/s) | HNBC | 9.7 ± 1.3 | 10.1 ± 1.5 | 0.3 |
| Tcig | 9.7 ± 1.6 | 10.2 ± 2.3 | 0.4 | |
| Central SBP (mmHg) | HNBC | 121 ± 16 | 112 ± 17* | 0.02 |
| Tcig | 121 ± 16 | 123 ± 15 | 0.3 | |
| TAC (ml/mmHg) | HNBC | 19.1 ± 4.2 | 20.9 ± 5.2* | 0.03 |
| Tcig | 17.6 ± 8.4 | 17.5 ± 7.6 | 0.2 | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | HNBC | 66 ± 9 | 65 ± 8 | 0.4 |
| Tcig | 67 ± 8 | 68 ± 8 | 0.8 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | HNBC | 125 ± 15 | 126 ± 16 | 0.9 |
| Tcig | 121 ± 13 | 122 ± 13 | 0.9 | |
| DBP (mmHg) | HNBC | 79 ± 10 | 78 ± 9 | 0.7 |
| Tcig | 76 ± 10 | 76 ± 10 | 0.9 | |
| GLS (%) | HNBC | − 19.9 ± 2.3 | − 20.9 ± 2.5* | 0.002 |
| Tcig | − 19.7 ± 1.3 | − 20 ± 0.7 | 0.3 | |
| FMD (%) | HNBC | 7.8 ± 4.3 | 12.1 ± 4.2* | 0.01 |
| Tcig | 7.9 ± 3.9 | 8.3 ± 3.5 | 0.6 | |
| CFR | HNBC | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.8* | < 0.001 |
| Tcig | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| PWV/GLS | HNBC | − 0.5 ± 0.1 | − 0.48 ± 0.08* | < 0.001 |
| Tcig | − 0.49 ± 0.1 | − 0.51 ± 0.1 | 0.4 | |
| GWI (mmHg%) | HNBC | 1949 ± 315 | 1828 ± 320* | 0.01 |
| Tcig | 1954 ± 290 | 1986 ± 290 | 0.1 | |
| GCW (mmHg%) | HNBC | 2214 ± 339 | 2156 ± 385 | 0.1 |
| Tcig | 2202 ± 379 | 2180 ± 356 | 0.3 | |
| GWW (mmHg%) | HNBC | 80 ± 55 | 65 ± 37* | < 0.001 |
| Tcig | 74 ± 33 | 78 ± 42 | 0.09 | |
| GWE (%) | HNBC | 95.8 ± 2.3 | 96.4 ± 1.8 | 0.1 |
| Tcig | 95.5 ± 2 | 95 ± 2 | 0.5 |
*p < 0.05 for interaction with group, derived from post hoc analysis by ANOVA.
HNBC heat-not-burn cigarette, TCig tobacco cigarette, CFR coronary flow reserve, PWV carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, FMD flow-mediated dilation, GCW constructive myocardial work, GLS global longitudinal strain, GWE myocardial work efficiency, GWI global myocardial work index, GWW wasted myocardial work, values are mean±SD.