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. 2021 Jun 3;11:11707. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91070-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of Co²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions on THP-1 cell metabolic activity. Metabolic activity of THP-1 cells cultured with different Co²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentrations for 24 and 48 h. Metabolic activity results were represented as percentage relative to an unstimulated control (TCP) and compared with the TCP of each day. Values lower than 80% metabolic activity (red line) which were significantly different (p < 0.05) from TCP were considered cytotoxic. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were represented with *.