Table 1.

Demographic and clinical data of AD patients and controls.

	Alzheimer’s disease group	Control group	p-value
n	19	24
Agea	79.16 ± 3.93	75.71 ± 2.83	0.59c
Mini-Mental State	23.42 ± 3.11	28.38 ± 2.02	< 0.001c
Examinationa	Range = [17, 29]	Range =  [25, 31]
Educational levelb	1 ± 1	1 ± 0	0.57c
Sex			0.90d
Male	6	8
Female	13	16
Race	Caucasian	Caucasian
Refractive errora	0.39 ± 1.40	− 0.12 ± 1.13	0.18e
	Range = [− 2.00, 4.00]	Range = [− 2.75, 2.25]

^aMean value ± SD.

^bMedian ± interquartile range.

^cMann–Whitney two-sided U-test.

^dProportions two-sided z-test.

^eStudent’s two-sided t-test.

In boldface p-value < 0.05 (SD, standard deviation).