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. 2021 Jun 3;12:3303. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23069-0

Fig. 7. Intraoral assessment of the long-lasting and renewable antibacterial effect against human bacterial colonies.

Fig. 7

a Fluorescent staining of bacteria on Ti-OH and Ti-PAA-NCl after treatment in the complex environment of the real oral cavity for 4 weeks. b, c Percentages of b covering area and c fluorescence intensity of bacteria on Ti-OH and Ti-PAA-NCl after treatment for 4 weeks. d 3D morphology of the fluorescently stained biofilms on Ti-PAA-NCl and Ti-OH after treatment for 4 weeks. e–p Fluorescent staining, quantitative analysis and biofilm morphology of bacteria on Ti-PAA-NCl and Ti-OH e–h after treatment for 4 weeks and rechlorination, i–l after treatment for 12 weeks and m–p after treatment for 12 weeks and rechlorination. Green for live bacteria and red for dead bacteria; scale bars in a, e, i, m = 50 μm, scale bars in d, h, l, p = 20 μm; n in a–h = 8, n in i–p = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001; Student’s t test; all error bars = s.d.