Table 1.

Matched cohorts – Clinical and pathological data and tumor characteristics of study participants.

	Belgian-recruitment site (n = 110)		Rwandan-recruitment site (n = 110)
	Primary breast cancers (n = 55)	Healthy women (n = 55)	Primary breast cancers (n = 55)	Healthy women (n = 55)
Median age (range) (y)	45 (26–68)	43 (27–63)	45 (27–65)	46 (31–64)
Estrogen receptor [n (%)]	34 (61.8)		34 (61.8)
HER2 [n (%)]	15 (27.3)		15 (27.3)
Molecular subtype [n (%)]
NA	0		0
1 = ER + /HER2-	26 (47.3)		26 (47.3)
2 = ER + /HER2 +	8 (14.5)		8 (14.5)
3 = ER-/HER2 +	7 (12.7)		7 (12.7)
4 = TN	14 (25.5)		14 (25.5)
Lymph node involvement [n (%)]
NA	0 (0)		22 (40)
1	29 (52.7)		30 (54.5)
0	26 (47.3)		3 (5.5)
Stage [n (%)]
NA	0 (0)		6 (10.9)
1	9 (16.4)		1 (1.8)
2	33 (60)		13 (23.6)
3	13 (23.6)		35 (63.6)
Histologic subtype [n (%)]
NA	0 (0)		1 (1.8)
IDC	46 (83.6)		49 (89)
ILC	8 (14.5)		2 (3.6)
other	1 (1.8)		3 (5.5)