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. 2021 Jun 3;11:11691. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90956-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Assessed risk of bias of all preclinical (a) and clinical (b) studies included in the meta-analysis. As recommended by the PRISMA guidelines, the authors performed an analysis of bias, which could result in over- or underestimation of the effect of interventions, in all included studies. Depicted are the scored risk of bias for individual items (upper part) and the percentage of the assessed bias risk (bottom part) across all preclinical (a) and clinical (b) studies included in the meta-analysis.