Table 4.

Characteristics of the different cluster groups.

	High optimism (n = 24)	Moderate optimism (n = 43)	Low optimism (n = 19)	F(df)	p-value	${\eta }_p^2$
	M(SD)	M(SD)	M(SD)
Age	27.5 (10.4)	23.0 (8.4)	23.6 (8.5)	2.04(2)	0.136	0.05
	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	X2(df)	p-value	V
Gender
Male	17 (70.8)	28 (65.1)	15 (78.9)	1.21 (2)	0.545	0.12
Female	7 (29.2)	15 (34.9)	4 (21.1)
Category*
Under21	5 (20.8)	22 (51.2)	7 (36.8)	6.00 (2)	0.050	0.26
Senior	19 (79.2)	21 (48.8)	12 (63.2)
National team member
No	12 (50.0)	29 (67.4)	7 (36.8)	5.46 (2)	0.065	0.25
Yes	12 (50.0)	14 (32.6)	12 (63.2)
Defensive player position*
Advanced	7 (29.2)	11 (25.6)	3 (15.8)	18.30 (6)	0.006	0.33
Central	3 (12.5)	8 (18.6)	4 (21.1)
Winger	12 (50.0)	22 (51.2)	4 (21.1)
Goalkeeper	2 (8.3)	2 (4.7)	8 (42.1)
Weekly sports practice days
1 day	1 (4.2)	1 (2.3)	1 (5.3)	2.95 (8)	0.938	0.13
2 days	1 (4.2)	4 (9.3)	1 (5.3)
3 days	6 (25.0)	8 (18.6)	2 (10.5)
4 days	6 (25.0)	9 (20.9)	4 (21.1)
5 or more days	10 (41.7)	21 (48.8)	11 (57.9)
Weekly sports practice time
0–3 h	2 (8.3)	1 (2.3)	-	8.91 (6)	0.179	0.23
3–6 h	2 (8.3)	9 (20.9)	4 (21.1)
6–10 h	11 (45.8)	16 (37.2)	3 (15.8)
10 h or more	9 (37.5)	17 (39.5)	12 (63.2)

^*p ≤ 0.05. ${\eta }_{\text{p},}^2$ partial squared eta; between ${\eta }_{\text{p}}^2$ < 0.01 trivial effect, between 0.01 < ${\eta }_{\text{p}}^2$ < 0.06 small effect, between 0.06 < ${\eta }_{\text{p}}^2$ < 0.14 medium effect, and ${\eta }_{\text{p}}^2$ > 0.14 significant effect. V, Cramer's V; V < 0,10: irrelevant effect, between 0.10 < V < 0.30: small effect, between 0.30 < V < 0.50: moderate effect, and V > 0.50 large effect.