Figure 6.

Enzalutamide suppresses CSC marker gene expression, GBM tumor growth in vivo and prolongs overall survival in treated mice with MGPP3 cells implanted in brain. (A) Fold changes of the bioluminescent signals of the tumors in brain after the treatment of vehicle only or enzalutamide (20 mg/kg, three times per week, IP). (B) Representative IVIS images of the tumor growth in mouse brain after vehicle only or enzalutamide treatment. Wk 0, 3 and 5: IVIS imaging taken prior to (week 0), 3 and 5 weeks after initiating of drug injection. Mann–Whitney U tests were performed in both (A, B) to compare between groups. (C) Weight changes of the mice after the treatment. (D) Overall survival was significantly improved in mice treated with enzalutamide comparing with vehicle only. (E) Representative images of the mouse brain tissue after IHC staining for CD133 (100×), c-Myc (200×), and AR (200×). Corner image (left upper corner of the left panel): high magnification image showing tumor cells with positive AR staining with nuclear localization without enzalutamide treatment. Corner image (left upper corner of the right panel): high magnification image showing tumor cells with positive AR staining but more cytosol distribution after enzalutamide treatment. (F) Quantifications of positive cells in the brain tumors from IHC staining after vehicle only or enzalutamide treatment. Two-tailed student t tests were performed for statistical comparisons. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.