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. 2021 May 21;12:658513. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658513

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Copyright © 2021 El-Readi, Al-Abd, Althubiti, Almaimani, Al-Amoodi, Ashour, Wink and Eid.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Diagram of a typical ABC transporter protein inserted in the lipid bilayer. The trans-membrane protein consists of 2 trans-membrane domains (TMDs) and the two nucleotide ATP binding domains (NBDs) (B) The NBDs consists of walker A, walker B, and ABC signature C motifs with characteristic residues of the respective amino acid sequences above these motifs. (C) ABCG2 diagram showing a half transporter (6 trans-membrane segments and 1 NBDs) at the N-terminal end (Choudhuri and Klaassen, 2006).