Figure 4.

Expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)–Xist is increased in mouse and human female pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) lung tissue. Relative expression of lncRNA-Xist in the lung tissue of female and male EH_ITSN-KO^ITSN+/– mice (A), Sugen5416 inhibitor/hypoxia (Su/Hx) rats (B), and human PAH patients (C) and the matching controls, as determined by real-time quantitative PCR analyses. At least nine mice and three rats per condition and RNA isolated form the lung tissue of 10 to 12 PAH subjects and five failed donors (FDs) for each human female and male were used in three independent experiments performed in triplicates. Human lung RNA samples (from Pulmonary Hypertension Breakthrough Initiative): idiopathic PAH female: 10 White, 8 not Hispanic, and 2 Hispanic or Latino (average age, 34.1 years; range, 15 to 56 years); idiopathic PAH male: 9 White, 1 Asian, 8 non-Hispanic, and 2 Hispanic or Latino (average age, 33.2 years; range, 7 to 61 years); FDs: 5 males, White non-Hispanic (average age, 31 years; range, 14 to 49 years); 5 females, White non-Hispanic (average age, 50 years; range, 33 to 60 years). Data represent means ± SD (A–C). ∗P < 0.05. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; wt, wild type.