Fig. 1.

(A) Schematic drawing of left transmural laterovertical partial laryngectomy with tri-layer tissue-engineered implants. The entire true vocal fold and false vocal fold were excised from the vocal process of the arytenoid to the anterior commissure, leaving only the arytenoid and small posterior thyroid cartilage strut as anchor points for the implant. Surgical Procedure: (B) Transmural surgical defect was created in left hemilarynx showing contralateral (right) vocal fold. (C) Mucosal sheet (acellular), (D) cellularized muscle, and (E) cellularized cartilage constructs before (top) and during (bottom) surgical implantation. Scale bars: 500 μm