Table 2.

Management and Outcomes of the 98 Patients With Ventriculitis

	Total, n = 98	Survivor, n = 60	Nonsurvivor, n = 38	P Value
Management
Neurosurgery (%)	60 (61.2)	34 (56.7)	26 (68.4)	.29
Time from symptoms onset to anti-infective treatment start, days	1 [0–4]	1 [0–4]	1 [0–4]	.77
Initial intravenous anti-infective treatment	95 (97)	57 (95)	38 (100)	.28
Duration of anti-infective treatment, days	21 [14–42]	28 [18–42]	16 [14–29]	.007
Brain Imaging Features and Complications
CT Scan	90 (91.8)	53 (88.3)	37 (97.4)	.15
MRI	85 (86.7)	55 (91.7)	30 (78.9)	.12
Intraventricular pus	81 (82.7)	49 (81.7)	32 (84.2)	.79
Ependymal enhancement	70 (71.4)	40 (66.7)	30 (78.9)	.25
Intraventricular loculations	15 (15.3)	10 (16.7)	5 (13.2)	.77
Brain abscess(es)	34 (34.7)	22 (36.7)	12 (32.6)	.67
Ischemia	24 (24.5)	11 (18.3)	13 (34.2)	.09
Empyema	6 (6.1)	2 (3.3)	4 (10.5)	.20
Acute hydrocephalus	44 (44.9)	22 (36.7)	22 (57.9)	.06
Intracranial hypertension/mass effect	34 (34.7)	18 (30)	16 (42.1)	.28
Brain herniation	10 (10.2)	5 (8.3)	5 (13.2)	.50
Vasculitis	11 (11.2)	2 (3.3)	9 (23.7)	.003
Cerebral thrombophlebitis	7 (7.1)	4 (6.7)	3 (7.9)	1
Status epilepticus	11 (11.2)	2 (3.3)	9 (23.7)	.003
Outcomes
In-hospital mortality	30 (30.6)	0 (0)	30 (78.9)	-
One-year mortality	38/93 (40.8)	0 (0)	38 (100)	-
ICU admission	72 (73.5)	38 (63.3)	34 (89.5)	.005
Mechanical ventilation	59 (60.6)	27 (45.0)	32 (84.2)	<.001
Vasopressive agents	20/94 (21.3)	7/58 (12.1)	13/36 (36.1)	.009
Length of hospital stay, days	25 [16–47]	25 [16–54]	24 [16–45]	.86

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

NOTE: Data are presented as median [IQR] or number (%).