RMTg neurons monosynaptically innervated by the contralateral SC project to the midbrain dopaminergic system. A, Exemplary brain image showing the site of unilateral injection of anterograde transsynaptic AAV (AAV1-hSyn-Cre-hGH) containing the gene for Cre recombinase into the SC. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to visualize Cre-recombinase (Alexa Fluor 647; yellow color). B, Transsynaptically labeled Cre-positive neurons within RMTg. The orange dashed line indicates the RMTg boundaries based on the anti-FoxP1 immunostaining. C, Representative image of RMTg after the follow-up injection of AAV (AAV2-EF1α-DIO-mCherry) carrying Cre-dependent gene for fluorescent protein (mCherry; red color). The orange dashed line indicates the RMTg boundaries based on the anti-FoxP1 immunostaining. D, Top, Representative image of VTA and SNc after the injections of anterograde transsynaptic AAV (containing Cre recombinase gene) into the SC and AAV with Cre-dependent gene for mCherry into the contralateral (right in this case) RMTg. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to visualize TH-positive neurons (Alexa Fluor 488; green color). Bottom panels, Magnified regions of VTA and SNc with mCherry-expressing axons originating in the RMTg neurons innervated by the contralateral SC. E, Top, Exemplary image of binarized mCherry-positive axons within the VTA and SNc used for area fraction calculation. Bottom, Mediolateral distribution of normalized area fraction of mCherry-expressing axons originating from the RMTg neurons innervated by the contralateral SC. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.