Table 4.
Relative Risk Ratio for Motor Impairment (MI) With Increasing Social Communication, Language, Cognitive, and Functional Impairment As Well As Repetitive Behavior Severity
| With MI (%) | Without MI (%) | Risk ratio and CI | Difference in risk ratio between consecutive categories | Risk difference (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General population [Rivard et al., 2012] | 4.0 | 96.0 | — | — | — |
| Children with ASD in the SPARK dataset | 88.2 | 11.8 | 22.2 [18.6, 26.4] | — | 84.2 |
| Social communication impairment (SC), Mean and ndard deviation of total score | |||||
| Very low SCI, ASD (14.9, 1.7) | 76.1 | 23.9 | 19.2 [16.1, 22.8] | 0.0 | 72.1 |
| Low SCI, ASD (20.6, 1.7) | 86.6 | 13.4 | 21.8 [18.3, 25.9] | 2.6 | 82.2 |
| High SCI, ASD (26.4, 1.6) | 92.8 | 7.2 | 23.3 [19.6, 27.8] | 4.1 | 88.8 |
| Very high SCI, ASD (31.9, 1.6) | 95.8 | 4.2 | 24.1 [20.3, 28.7] | 4.9 | 91.8 |
| Extremely high SCI, ASD (36.7, 0.9) |
98.5 | 1.5 | 24.8 [20.8, 29.5] | 5.6 | 94.5 |
| Repetitive behaviors (RB), Mean, and Standard deviation of total score | |||||
| Very low RB, ASD (10.5, 3.7) | 75.4 | 24.6 | 19.0 [15.9, 22.6] | 0.0 | 71.4 |
| Low RB, ASD (26, 5.9) | 87.4 | 12.6 | 22.0 [18.5, 26.2] | 3.0 | 83.4 |
| High RB, ASD (45.3, 5.6) | 92.6 | 7.4 | 23.3 [19.6, 27.7] | 4.3 | 88.6 |
| Very high RB, ASD (65.1, 5.5) | 93.4 | 6.6 | 23.5 [19.7, 28.0] | 4.5 | 89.4 |
| Extremely high RB, ASD (88.9, 10.7) | 95.3 | 4.7 | 24.0 [20.1, 28.6] | 5.0 | 91.3 |
| Cognitive ability | |||||
| No cognition delay, ASD | 81.8 | 18.2 | 20.6 [17.3, 24.5] | 0.0 | 77.8 |
| Some cognition delay, ASD | 90.6 | 9.4 | 22.8 [19.2, 27.1] | 2.2 | 86.6 |
| Significant cognition delay, ASD | 96.9 | 3.1 | 24.4 [20.5, 29.0] | 3.8 | 92.9 |
| Language ability | |||||
| No language delay, ASD | 85.9 | 14.1 | 21.6 [18.2, 25.7] | 0.0 | 81.9 |
| Some language delay, ASD | 86.9 | 13.1 | 21.9 [18.4, 26.0] | 0.3 | 82.9 |
| Significant language delay, ASD | 92.1 | 7.9 | 23.2 [19.5, 27.6] | 1.6 | 88.1 |
| Functional ability | |||||
| No functional delay, ASD | 72.9 | 27.1 | 18.3 [15.4, 21.9] | 0.0 | 68.9 |
| Some functional delay, ASD | 90.1 | 9.9 | 22.7 [19.1, 27.0] | 4.4 | 86.1 |
| Significant functional delay, ASD | 97.3 | 2.7 | 24.5 [20.6, 29.1] | 6.2 | 93.3 |
Note. Ps < 0.0001 for all relative risk ratios reported in this table. An increase in risk magnitude of 1 or more is considered substantial. There was an increase in the relative risk of motor impairment up to 6.2 across the three to five categories of social communication, cognitive, language, and functional ability as well as repetitive behavior severity.