Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Patient characteristics | Before protocol implementation (n = 48) | Across protocol implementation (n = 47) | After protocol implementation (n = 24) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (±SD) | 61.2 (±12.1) | 65.2 (±10.2) | 65.1 (±13.5) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Men | 32 (66.7) | 38 (80.9) | 21 (87.5) |
| Women | 16 (33.3) | 9 (19.1) | 3 (12.5) |
| APACHE II score, mean (±SD) | 21.7 (±9.5) | 20.7 (±8.6) | 21.5 (±7.6) |
| Comorbiditiesa, n (%) | |||
| None | 11 (22.9) | 8 (17.0) | 4 (16.7) |
| Hypertension | 23 (47.9) | 27 (57.4) | 9 (37.5) |
| Diabetes | 11 (22.9) | 18 (38.2) | 4 (16.6) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 15 (31.2) | 12 (25.5) | 7 (29.1) |
| Heart disease | 13 (27.1) | 10 (21.3) | 6 (25.0) |
| Smoking | 3 (6.2) | 9 (19.1) | 7 (29.1) |
| COPD | 4 (8.3) | 3 (6.4) | 2 (8.3) |
| Stroke | 2 (4.2) | 4 (8.5) | 1 (4.2) |
| Oncology | 2 (4.2) | 4 (8.5) | 4 (8.3) |
| Chronic renal failure | 4 (8.3) | 3 (6.4) | 3 (12.5) |
| Admission weight (kg), mean (±SD) | 84.9 (±13.4) | 84.4 (±15.4) | 88.1 (±26.5) |
| BMI n (%) | |||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.2) |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 3 (6.2) | 8 (17.0) | 6 (25.0) |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 24 (50.0) | 20 (42.5) | 9 (37.5) |
| ≥30.0 kg/m2 | 21 (43.8) | 19 (40.5) | 8 (33.3) |
| Ventilation, n (%) | |||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 48 (100.0) | 47 (100.0) | 24 (100.0) |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 16 (33.3) | 23 (48.9) | 11 (45.8) |
| High-flow nasal oxygenation | 7 (14.6) | 16 (34.0) | 7 (29.2) |
| Acute renal failure with RRT, n (%) | 6 (12.5) | 6 (12.7) | 3 (12.5) |
| Vasopressor therapy, n (%) | 42 (87.5) | 44 (93.6) | 24 (100.0) |
| ICU length of stay (days), mean (±SD) | 11.7 (±4.4) | 22.2 (±9.1) | 18.7 (±7.9) |
| Hospital length of stay (days), mean (±SD) | 22.3 (+10.3) | 38.1 (±15.1) | 36.3 (±16.8) |
| Discharge alive from ICU, n (%) | 39 (81.2) | 38 (80.9) | 20 (83.3) |
(APACHE II = Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II; COPD=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; BMI=Body Mass Index; ICU = Intensive Care Unit; RRT = Renal Replacement Therapy).
a
Patients could present with more than one comorbid condition, thus the percentages can add to more than 100%, or similar.