Table 2.
Impact of a simplified nutritional protocol on nutritional status of COVID-19 patients in the ICU.
| Mean ± SD | Before protocol implementation (n = 48) | After protocol implementation (n = 24) | p-value for comparison |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of days in the energy target (80–100%) | 11.0 (±15.2) | 20.3 (±16.7) | 0.021 |
| Percentage of days below the energy target (80–100%) | 53.0 (±27.5) | 40.0 (±24.0) | 0.052 |
| Energy debt, kcal/day | −575.2 (±524.8) | −342.5 (±357.6) | 0.055 |
| Total calories provided, kcal/day | 1070.1 (±505.5) | 1357.0 (±395.7) | 0.018 |
| Calories relative to body weight, kcal/kg BWa/day | 16.7 (±12.1) | 19.8 (±10.34) | 0.218 |
| Calories by enteral nutrition, kcal/dayb | 1107.4 (±461.5) | 1347.7 (±397.0) | 0.037 |
| Calories by parenteral nutrition, kcal/dayc | 731.1 (±672.0) | 980.6 (±397.1) | 0.561 |
| Calories provided by medication, kcal/day (propofol and glucose) | 112.7 (±92.2) | 130.5 (±84.0) | 0.438 |
| Percentage of days in the protein target (80–100%) | 15.7 (±21.8) | 13.7 (±16.9) | 0.700 |
| Percentage of days below the protein (80–100%) | 81.4 (±24.0) | 80.0 (±23.3) | 0.825 |
| Protein debt, g/day | −48.5 (±20.3) | −37.0 (±14.2) | 0.015 |
| Proteins provided, g/day | 37.0 (±18.4) | 51.4 (±17.3) | 0.002 |
| Proteins relative to body weight, g/kg BWa/day | 0.58 (±0.4) | 0.7 (±0.4) | 0.152 |
| Insulin infusion, unit/day | 24.2 (±36.1) | 25.1 (±36.8) | 0.919 |
BW = Body Weight.
a
Use of actual BW if body mass index (BMI) ≤ 25 kg/m2, or ideal BW (BMI = 22.5 kg/m2) if BMI > 25 kg/m2.
b
Only for patients under EN (n = 46 in before group and n = 23 in after group).
c
Only for patients under PN (n = 3 in before group and n = 4 in after group).